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UGC NET Sociology Study Material and Notes: Checkout Unit-Wise Notes with Preparation Tips
The UGC NET Sociology exam assesses candidates' understanding of various sociological theories, concepts, and research methods. Preparing for this exam requires a comprehensive set of notes that cover key topics, theories, and current debates in sociology. These notes are designed to help candidates systematically review and grasp the essential elements of sociological study, ensuring a well-rounded preparation for the examination.
These notes help emphasize more vital areas of the syllabus and ensure further understanding of the subject matter that is helpful in getting prepared for the examination. To study more topics for the UGC-NET examination, download the Testbook App now.
In this article, the readers will be able to know about the following:
- Unit-Wise UGC NET Sociology Notes
- Preparation Tips for UGC NET Sociology Notes
- UGC NET Sociology Notes: Syllabus to Follow
- Study Materials to Follow Along with UGC NET Sociology Notes
Sub Topics for UGC NET Paper 2 Sociology Notes
There are a total of 10 units which have been discussed in detail topic-wise what to expect and what not to expect which has been discussed below.
Unit 1- Sociological Theory UGC NET Sociology Notes
The first unit in the UGC NET Sociology syllabus is dedicated to the study of Sociological Theory. This will provide the basics of major theoretical frameworks which shaped the concept of studying society. The classical and contemporary sociological theories will be inquired into, with a focus on the contributions of seminal thinkers such as Émile Durkheim, Max Weber, and Karl Marx. Through studying these theories, candidates acquire an in-depth understanding of the central ideas and analysis tools that assist in the interpretation of social phenomena and comprehension of how societies are structured and function.
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M.K. Gandhi |
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B.R. Ambedkar |
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Unit 2- Research Methodology and Methods UGC NET Sociology Notes
It is that part of the UGC NET Sociology syllabus, which is targeted to arm the candidate with some of the basic skills for undertaking economics research and analyzing data. These include various designs, techniques, and methods of economic research, both quantitative and qualitative. It dwells on issues relating to data collection, statistical analysis, econometrics, hypothesis testing, and the interpretation of results. These are methodologies that really form the center of the toolkit that one needs to master in order to appreciate and apply economic theories, as well as produce rigorous and valid research outcomes.
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Scientific Method and Epistemology in Social Science |
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Formulating Research Design |
Reading Social Science Research, Data and Documents |
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Quantitative and Qualitative Methods |
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Historical Method |
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Techniques |
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Observation, Interview and Case study |
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Interpretation, Data Analysis and Report Writing |
Unit 3- Basic Concepts and Institutions UGC NET Sociology Notes
The basic concepts and institutions section in the UGC NET Sociology syllabus has a very crucial role in acquiring the very essence of economic concepts and working mechanisms characterizing different economic institutions. The unit covers the basics of economic concepts, the demand and supply models, the market structures, economic equilibrium, among others, including functions of institutions in that line, such as a central bank, financial markets, and regulatory bodies.
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Social Structure |
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Culture |
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Network |
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Status and Role |
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Identity |
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Community |
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Diaspora |
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Values, Norms and Rules |
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Personhood, Habitus and Agency |
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Bureaucracy, Power and Authority |
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Marriage, Family and Kinship |
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Economy |
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Polity |
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Religion |
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Education |
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Law and Customs |
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Social Difference, Hierarchy, Inequality and |
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Marginalization |
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Caste and Class |
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Gender, Sexuality and Disability |
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Race, Tribe and Ethnicity |
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Evolution and Diffusion |
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Modernization and Development |
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Social Transformations and Globalization |
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Social Mobility |
Unit 4- Rural and Urban Transformations UGC NET Sociology Notes
The Rural and Urban Transformations part of the UGC NET Sociology syllabus takes into account the dynamics of changes in the rural–urban mosaic of the country with regard to economic and social aspects. It covers urbanization and rural development processes and the drivers of transformation in these regions. Migration patterns, infrastructure development, economic policy, and globalization's impact on rural and urban areas are only some of the issues that it covers. Such changes are important because they are elements of analyzing how economic development or policy initiatives can be of any effect on regional growth and social structure.
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Rural and Peasant Society |
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Agrarian Social Structure and Emergent Class Relations Land Ownership and Agrarian Relations |
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Decline of Agrarian Economy, De-Peasantization and Migration |
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Changing Inter-Community Relations and Violence |
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Urban Society |
Urbanism, Urbanity and Urbanization |
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Towns, Cities and Mega-Cities |
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Industry, Service and Business |
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Neighbourhood, Slums and Ethnic Enclaves |
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Middle Class and Gated Communities |
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Urban Movements and Violence |
Unit 5- State, Politics and Development UGC NET Sociology Notes
The State, Politics, and Development section concerns the complex interrelationship of economic development with political institutions and state policies. This unit looks at how state structures and political processes are affecting the process of economic growth, development strategies, and policy implementation. It investigates what role the government plays in the formation of economic policy and how political stability affects development and how political decisions interact with economic outcomes. These dynamics are very relevant to understand how political and institutional factors are propelling or restraining economic growth and development.
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Political Processes in India |
Tribe, Nation State and Border |
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Bureaucracy |
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Public Policy: Health, Education and Livelihoods |
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Corruption |
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Social Movements and Protests |
Political Factions, Pressure Groups |
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Movements based on Caste, Ethnicity, Ideology, Gender, Disability, Religion and Region |
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Civil Society and Citizenship |
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NGOs, Activism and Leadership |
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Reservations and Politics |
Unit 6- Economy and Society UGC NET Sociology Notes
The Economy and Society is that segment of the UGC NET Sociology syllabus that studies the relationship between economic systems and social structures. Concerned with processes that explain how economic activities have an impact on features of social relationships, structures, and the set of cultural norms—certainties and uncertainties—effects of any of these on the other follow. This constitutes topics such as that of economic policies with regard to social justice, the role of social institutions in economic development, and the effect of economic change on the dynamics within society. Understanding those interactions is critical to the analysis of how economic and social factors interact, giving shape and influence to each other across a variety of contexts.
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Exchange, Gift , Capital, Labour and Market |
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Property and Property Relations |
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State and Market: Welfarism and Neoliberalism |
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Models of Economic Development |
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Unit 7- Environment and Society UGC NET Sociology Notes
The section on Environment and Society of the UGC NET Sociology syllabus tests how complex the interplay is between environmental issues and societal development. This unit tackles the impact of environmental challenges upon economic activities and social structures, precisely those induced by resource depletion, pollution, and climate change. Another way it looks into is how economic policies and practices really help in achieving environmental sustainability.
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Social and Cultural Ecology: Diverse Forms |
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Technological Change, Agriculture and Biodiversity |
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Forest Policies, Adivasis and Exclusion |
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Ecological Degradation and Migration |
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Water and Social Exclusion |
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Environmental Pollution, Public Health and Disability |
Unit 8- Family, Marriage and Kinship UGC NET Sociology Notes
The Family, Marriage, and Kinship section of the UGC NET Sociology syllabus is about the economic dimensions of structures in families, practices of marriage, and networks in kinship. One of the major focus areas of this unit is the study of how family living, marriage structures, and ties in kinship are affected by various economic issues. It will take into account the economic roles and contributions of family members, the impact of economic changes on family life, and the way in which kinship systems affect economic decision-making and resource distribution. Understanding such interactions provides insight into how social institutions intersect with economic behavior and development.
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Theoretical Approaches: Structure-Functionalist, Alliance and Cultural |
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Inheritance, Succession and Authority |
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Gender, Sexuality and Reproduction |
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Children, Youth and Elderly |
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Emotions and Family |
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Changing Care and Support Systems |
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Domestic Violence and Crime against Women |
Unit 9- Science, Technology and Society UGC NET Sociology Notes
The Science, Technology, and Society component of the UGC NET Sociology syllabus aims at introducing the candidate to the very important role that scientific and technological changes have been playing in shaping economic development and the transformation of society. This paper looks into the nature of innovations and technological changes and their consequences for economic growth, labor markets, and social structures, and explores the way in which economic and social factors can condition the direction and pace of technological progress. Through the analysis of the interactions between science, technology, and society, candidates understand how technological developments drive economic change and how societal needs and policies shape technological developments.
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Media: Print and Electronic, Visual and Social Media |
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State Policy, Digital Divide and Inclusion |
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Technology and Changing Health Systems |
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Cyber Crime |
Unit 10- Culture and Symbolic Transformations UGC NET Sociology Notes
This section of the UGC NET Sociology syllabus: Culture and Symbolic Transformations will look at the intersection of economic systems with cultural and symbolic aspects of society. It tries to focus on how the differences in cultural values, symbols, and practices make a difference in economic behaviors and institutions and how change in economic conditions may affect cultural norms and social symbols. Specific topics may include how economic globalization bears on cultural identities, how cultural capital functions in the service of economic development, and how symbolic transformations mark and affect economic conditions. These interactions need to be understood in the light of analysis pertaining to how cultural and economic dimensions shape each other to bring change into society.
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Religious Organizations, Piety and Spirituality |
Preparation Tips for UGC NET Sociology Notes
The UGC NET Sociology test gives a measure of the depth at which a candidate has understood and understood the theories, concepts, and thinkers in sociology. To prepare effectively for the examination requires a combination of conceptual clarity, practice with past papers, and regular revising core topics.
Understand Syllabus and Exam Pattern
Familiarization with the syllabus and exam pattern is essential for focused preparation. The paper 1 covers general teaching and research aptitude, and paper 2 deals with sociology-specific topics, including sociological theories, research methods, Indian society, social stratification, and globalization. The knowledge of weightage of the topics will help to prior the study plan.
Focus on Key Sociological Theories and Thinkers
Build on the works of influential theorists, especially on those such as Karl Marx, Max Weber, Emile Durkheim, and more recent sociologists. Read and really understand their major theories, concepts, and critiques as the questions here often include those familiar minds behind the exam. Familiarize yourself with their contributions to social change, stratification, and institutions.
Refer to Standard Textbooks and Resources
A sound grasp in sociology would involve recourse to standard texts that provide detailed works on the subject. Good books to read are Sociology: Themes and Perspectives by Haralambos & Holborn, Sociology: A Brief Introduction by Richard T. Schaefer, and Indian Society: Themes and Perspectives by Nandini Sundar. These books give clarity on core concepts and frameworks used while doing sociology.
Practice Previous Year Papers and Mock Tests
Solutions to previous years' question papers must be done to understand the general format of the exam and to find out the most common topics for which questions are asked. Regular practice with mock tests will help you in time management, improve the answering skills, and give focus on weaker areas. Analyze your mistakes and practice on those areas to improve.
Revise Regularly and Stay Updated
Sociology is a dynamic field with evolving theories and concepts. Regular revision is essential for retaining important sociological terms, definitions, and theories. Additionally, staying updated with current sociological developments and contemporary social issues will help you relate theoretical concepts to practical scenarios, which is often tested in the exam.
UGC NET Sociology Notes: Syllabus to Follow
The UGC NET Sociology syllabus demarcates the areas of study that a student must go through for the examination. Its main concerns are sociological theories, research methodologies, and contemporary social problems. It tests the candidate's grasp of classical and modern concepts in sociology and their skills in applying these concepts in varied contexts. The syllabus hence structures a framework for effective preparation of the exam.
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Sociological Theory |
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Research Methodology and Methods |
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Basic Concepts and Institutions |
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Rural and Urban Transformations |
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State, Politics and Development |
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Economy and Society |
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Environment and Society |
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Family, Marriage and Kinship |
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Science, Technology and Society |
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Culture and Symbolic Transformations |
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Study Materials to Follow Along with UGC NET Sociology Notes
The most important topics about economy and society, sociology theory, etc. are found in UGC NET Sociology. Very useful for help in preparation is the study material wherein it refers to comprehensive notes with practice questions and their appropriate explanation on various topics under the syllabus.
| Study Material | Download Links |
| UGC NET Sociology Books | Access Now |
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UGC NET Sociology Previous year papers |
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UGC NET Sociology Coaching |
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UGC NET Sociology Important questions |
Notes and Study Materials for other UGC NET Subjects
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UGC NET Subject |
Notes Link |
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UGC NET Paper 1 Notes |
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UGC NET Commerce Notes |
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UGC NET Management Notes |
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UGC NET Psychology Notes |
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UGC NET Philosophy Notes |
- Haryana is planning to develop Asia's largest jungle safari in the Aravalli Hills.
- The project will cover approximately 10,000 acres of land.
- It aims to promote tourism, conserve wildlife, and preserve biodiversity.
- The jungle safari will use modern technology and will be developed with a focus on eco-friendly tourism.
- Union Minister Sarbananda Sonowal announced a ₹5,000 crore initiative to strengthen the waterways and maritime sector in the Northeast region.
- The announcement was made in Guwahati.
- The plan includes major port expansions, rising cruise tourism, and training 50,000 youth for maritime jobs.
- Water Metro projects are being planned for Guwahati, Tezpur, and Dibrugarh.
- Meaning: If something is plain sailing, it's very easy to do and there are no problems to overcome.
- Example: Golfer Tiger Woods hit a couple of bad shots early in his round, but it was plain sailing after that and he won the match easily.
- The three-day annual ‘Sakambari’ festival began on Monday atop Indrakeeladri, the sacred hill housing Goddess Kanaka Durga.
- During the festival, the presiding deity is decorated as ‘Sakambari Devi’, the goddess of vegetation and nourishment.
- The deity is adorned with fruits, vegetables, green leaves, and flowers.
- Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw announced major rail and infrastructure projects in Bihar.
- Four new Amrit Bharat trains will be introduced on the following routes:
- Patna to Delhi
- Darbhanga to Lucknow
- Malda to Lucknow
- Saharsa to Amritsar
- Two new Software Technology Parks of India will be inaugurated soon:
- STPI Patna (₹53 crore)
- STPI Darbhanga (₹10 crore)
- Article 29: It protects both religious and linguistic minorities and ensures their right to preserve their culture, language, and script.
- Article 30: It gives minorities the right to establish and manage educational institutions and protects them from discrimination in receiving government aid. It applies to both religious and linguistic minorities.
- BMW Group India has appointed Hardeep Singh Brar as its new President and CEO, effective 1 September 2025.
- He will succeed Vikram Pawah, who will now head BMW’s Australia and New Zealand operations.
- Vikram Pawah joined BMW Group in 2017 and led operations in both India and Australia during his tenure.
- BMW Group India is a wholly owned subsidiary of the BMW Group, headquartered in Gurugram.
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- In-depth analysis of 15+ crucial topics.
- Exam-focused coverage with images and infographics for comprehensive understanding.
- 150 Current Affairs MCQs for June 2025.
- 50 Current Affairs PYQs from various competitive exams for effective preparation.
- The Bihar state government has approved a domicile policy for women's reservation in government jobs.
- As per the new policy, only women who are residents of Bihar will now benefit from this 35% reservation.
- Women from outside Bihar will now be considered general candidates, not eligible for the women’s quota.
- The Bombay High Court said the Maharashtra government has made substantial and earnest efforts against illegal loudspeakers at religious structures and hence, there was no need to initiate any contempt action.
- World Kiswahili Language Day, celebrated on 7 July each year, honours Kiswahili as one of the most widely spoken languages in Africa and the world, with over 200 million speakers.
- Recognized by UNESCO as the first African language to be honored with its own international day.
- UNESCO introduced the day in 2022, recognizing Swahili as a powerful symbol of unity and African pride.
- India has launched a Specialized Training Program in Cancer Care for BIMSTEC countries.
- The program is hosted at Tata Memorial Centre (TMC) in Mumbai.
- This initiative was announced by Prime Minister Narendra Modi during the 6th BIMSTEC Summit.
- It is being implemented by the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) in collaboration with the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE).
- It established the right to form cooperative societies as a fundamental right
- It included a new DPSP on the Promotion of Cooperative Societies
- It added a new Part IX-B to the Constitution titled The Co-operative Societies
- It authorizes the Parliament to establish relevant laws in the case of multi-state cooperative societies and state legislatures in the case of other cooperative societies
- Peter Rufai, former Super Eagles captain and World Cup goalkeeper, has died at the age of 61.
- Rufai made his international debut for Nigeria in December 1981 and represented the country for 17 years.
- He earned 65 caps for the national team.
- Played in the 1994 and 1998 FIFA World Cups.
- Helped Nigeria win the 1994 Africa Cup of Nations (AFCON) in Tunisia.
- Double-click anywhere on a card to save news of your choice.
- Click on the bookmark icon located at the bottom left corner to save cards.
- Saved cards in your repository can help you revise during your exam preparation.
- The Taiwan Strait also known as the Formosa Strait or the Tai-hai (the Tai Sea) separates mainland China (Fujian Province) from the island of Taiwan.
- It connects the South China Sea to the East China Sea and is a vital shipping lane.
- It is approximately 180 km wide at its narrowest point.
- China views Taiwan as a renegade province and asserts its claim over the island and the strait.
- Govt announces ₹5,000-Crore Investment to Develop NE Waterways.
- Typhoon Danas creates havoc across Taiwan.
- World Kiswahili Language Day: 7 July.
- Haryana to develop Asia's largest jungle safari.
- BMW India: Hardeep Singh Brar named new President and CEO.
- 🔹 Daily exam-relevant updates at your fingertips.
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- The Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) study carried out for the Great Nicobar Infrastructure Project (GNIP) downplays the risk of future earthquakes that could trigger tsunamis on the scale that was seen in 2004.
- The GNIP envisages a trans-shipment port, an international airport, township development, and a 450 Megavolt-Amperes (MVA) gas and solar-based power plant in the GNI.
- In Taiwan, Typhoon Danas has caused major destruction.
- The storm has now weakened into a tropical storm and moved north to the East China Sea.
- Southern Taiwan was the worst affected.
- Typhoon Danas, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Bising.
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UGC NET Sociology Notes FAQs
What topics are typically covered in UGC NET Sociology notes?
UGC NET Sociology notes usually cover core topics such as sociological theories (e.g., functionalism, conflict theory, symbolic interactionism), key sociologists (e.g., Émile Durkheim, Max Weber, Karl Marx), research methodologies, social stratification, social change, and contemporary issues in sociology. Notes also include important definitions, concepts, and current debates.
How should I organize my UGC NET Sociology notes for effective study?
Organize your notes by categorizing them into major themes and subtopics. Use headings and subheadings for clarity, and include summaries of key theories, important sociologists, and research methodologies. Incorporate diagrams, charts, and bullet points for easy reference and better retention. Regularly update your notes with additional insights and current developments in the field.
Are there any recommended resources for creating UGC NET Sociology notes?
Recommended resources include standard textbooks like "Sociology: Themes and Perspectives" by Haralambos and Holborn, "Introduction to Sociology" by Anthony Giddens, and UGC NET-specific guidebooks. Online resources, scholarly articles, and previous year’s question papers are also valuable for supplementing your notes.
How can I use UGC NET Sociology notes for effective revision?
Use your notes to create summary sheets and flashcards for quick revision. Regularly review and test yourself on key concepts and theories. Practice with sample questions and previous year’s papers to apply your knowledge. Group study sessions and discussions can also help reinforce understanding and retention.
What are some common mistakes to avoid while preparing UGC NET Sociology notes?
Common mistakes include overly lengthy notes that lack focus, neglecting to update notes with new information, and failing to include summaries of important concepts. Avoid relying solely on one source and ensure your notes are comprehensive and well-organized. Regularly review and practice to ensure that you understand and can apply the concepts effectively.