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UGC NET Geography Notes: Access the Standard Study Notes here!

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To score better in the UGC NET Geography test, candidates must put in a lot of work during their preparation. The UGC NET Geography exam is taken by candidates from all over the country applying for either a lectureship or a Junior Research Fellow (JRF) post in Geography. The National Testing Agency conducts the UGC NET, a competitive examination (NTA). Finding the appropriate UGC NET Geography Notes is difficult and time-consuming for candidates. A candidate can benefit from using the right UGC NET Geography study material in many ways as they prepare for the exam. By reading through the article, candidates can find the best UGC NET Geography Notes to include in their preparation strategy.

In this article,

  • Candidates can find high-quality, syllabus-specific Geography notes for UGC NET to help them prepare for the exam.
  • Candidates can find subject-specific relevant UGC NET Geography study material PDF.
  • Candidates can learn more about the UGC NET Super Coaching for Geography and the Testbook Daily Test Series.
  • Candidates can use the UGC NET Geography notes PDF to prepare effectively.
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UGC NET Geography Notes Oriented Syllabus 

The candidates must refer to the UGC NET Geography before picking any study material for preparation. Below listed is the UGC NET Geography Syllabus for candidates to refer to. 

Subject: UGC NET Geography

Unit

Syllabus 

Unit - I

Geomorphology

Unit - II

Climatology

Unit - III

Oceanography

Unit - IV

Geography of Environment

Unit - V

Population and Settlement Geography Population Geography, Settlement Geography 

Unit - VI

Geography of Economic Activities and Regional Development

Unit - VII

Cultural, Social and Political Geography Cultural and Social Geography

Unit - VIII

Geographic Thought

Unit - IX

Geographical Techniques

Unit - X

Geography of India

Important Topics of UGC NET Geography Notes

The Most Important Topics of UGC NET Geography are shown in the table below. To prepare for the next Geography exam, cover these topics in your last-minute UGC NET preparation. All UGC NET Geography Exam candidates must go over these important topics. They can also attempt to answer the questions; this is another excellent choice for studying for the exam.

Important Topics of UGC NET Geography Notes

Geomorphology

  • Endogenetic and Exogenetic forces
  • Plate Tectonics
  • Theories and Process of Slope Development
  • Landform Occurrence and Causes of Geomorphic Hazards

Climatology

  • Composition and Structure of Atmosphere
  • Temperature, Pressure and Winds, Atmospheric Circulation
  • Climatic Classification of Koppen & Thornthwaite, ENSO Events
Oceanography
  • Relief of Oceans
  • Circulation: Warm and Cold Currents, Waves, Tides, Sea-Level Changes
  • Hazards: Tsunami and Cyclone

Geography of Environment

  • Components: Ecosystem (Geographic Classification) and Human Ecology
  • Environmental Ethics, and Deep Ecology, Environmental Hazards, and Disasters
  • National Programmes and Policies

Population and Settlement Geography

  • World Population Distribution
  • Rural Settlements
  • Urban Systems

Geography of Economic activities and Regional Development

  • Economic Geography
  • Geography of Transport and Trade
  • Regional Development
  • Agricultural Geography

Cultural, Social & Political Geography

  • Cultural Convergence
  • Geography of Federalism

Geographic Thought

  • Contributions of Indian, Greek, Arab, Chinese, and Roman Scholars
  • Impact of Darwinian Theory on Geographical Thought

Geographical Techniques

  • Sources of Geographic Information and Data
  • Hypsographic Curve and Altimetric Frequency Graph
  • Big Data Sharing and its applications in Natural Resources Management in India

Geography of India

  • Population Characteristics (spatial patterns of distribution), Growth, and Composition
  • Types and Distribution of Natural Resources

UGC NET Geography Notes

Candidates who have the top UGC NET Geography Notes can prepare for the UGC NET test without any difficulties. The finest study materials for the UGC NET in geography are provided below for the candidates' use.

S. No

Name of the Topic 

UGC NET Geography Notes

 1.

Endogenic and Exogenic forces

Download Notes

2. 

Plate Tectonics

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3. 

Theories and Process of Slope Development

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4. 

Landform Occurrence and Causes of Geomorphic Hazards

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5. 

Composition and Structure of Atmosphere

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6.

Temperature, Pressure and Winds, Atmospheric Circulation

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7.

Climatic Classification of Koppen & Thornthwaite, ENSO Events

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8.

Relief of Oceans

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9.

Circulation: Warm 

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10.

Hazards: Tsunami and Cyclone

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11.

Components: Ecosystem (Geographic Classification) 

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12.

Environmental Ethics

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13.

Deep Ecology, Environmental Hazards, and Disasters

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14.

Human Ecology

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15.

Cold Currents, Waves, Tides, Sea-Level Changes

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16.

National Programmes and Policies

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17.

World Population Distribution

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18.

Rural Settlements

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19.

Urban Systems

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20.

Economic Geography

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21.

Geography of Transport and Trade

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22.

Regional Development

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23.

Agricultural Geography

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24.

Cultural Convergence

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25.

Geography of Federalism

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26.

Contributions of Indian

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27.

Greek, Arab, Chinese, and Roman Scholars

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28.

Impact of Darwinian Theory on Geographical Thought

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29.

Sources of Geographic Information and Data

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30.

Hypsographic Curve

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31.

Altimetric Frequency Graph

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32.

Big Data Sharing

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33.

Natural Resources Management in India

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34.

Population Characteristics

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35.

Growth and Composition

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36.

Types and Distribution of Natural Resources

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UGC NET Geography Study Materials & Notes

  • Endogenic & Exogenic Forces

Endogenic forces, also called the internal forces, derive their pressure or force from the interior of the earth. Some examples of the endogenic forces are- Earthquakes, Volcanic eruptions.

Exogenic forces, also called the external forces, derive their pressure or force on the surface of the earth. Some examples of exogenic forces are- Erosion, Cyclones

  • Plate Tectonics

The theory of plate tectonics considers that Earth’s lithosphere is composed of large tectonic plates which are slowly moving. The most accepted theories regarding the plate tectonics are - Continental Drift and Seafloor Spreading. There are mainly three types of plate boundaries- Convergent, Divergent and Transform. The major driving forces of plate tectonics are related to mantle dynamics, gravity and Earth’s rotation. Reconstruction of the previous plate tectonics can be understood by Wilson cycle.

  • Atmosphere

It is the layer of gases and vapour which envelops the earth. It has 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and rest other gases. The atmosphere has different layers, namely - troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere and ionosphere. All these layers are significant. Stratosphere contains the ozone layer, which protects us from the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun. Troposphere is the lowest layer of the earth. 

  • ENSO

ENSO, also known as El Nino Southern Oscillations, is an irregular periodic variation in winds and sea surface temperatures over the tropical Eastern Pacific ocean, affecting the climate of the tropics and sub-tropics. The warming phase of the sea temperature is called the El Nino and the cooling phase is called the La Nina. The Southern Oscillation is the atmospheric component of El Nino. 

  • World Population

It is the total number of humans currently living. Around mid-November the United Nations estimated the world population at 8 billion. The study of the characteristics of the population is called demography and it mostly deals with numbers like fertility rate, birth rate, death rate etc. Population density is calculated by the total population in a particular region divided by the total area of that region.

Benefits of UGC NET Geography Notes

Question banks and subject books would not be enough to study for the UGC NET Geography Exam. While studying, the students must take separate revision notes and use the correct UGC NET Geography notes PDF. You'll improve your upper-level preparation using these UGC NET Geography Notes. One of the most important steps in the UGC NET Exam is for candidates to categorise the topics according to difficulty. When candidates mark the dates and events as a chart, the UGC NET Geography Notes will assist the students in remembering them. Candidates with the UGC NET Geography Notes can review all the subjects simultaneously. You can finish the course with the help of these notes, giving you a better chance of passing the exam.

UGC NET Geography Sample Questions

  1. The process in which one plate slides beneath another is known as :
    1. Advection
    2. Subduction
    3. Convergence
    4. Convection

Answer: (b) Subduction

  1. What is the total duration of time required to complete the two cycles of high and low tides at any place?
    1. 24 hours
    2. 12 hours
    3. Less than 12 hours
    4. More than 24 hours

Answer: (d) More than 24 hours

  1. Which one of the following terms is appropriate for the mixing zone of two biomes?
    1. Environment
    2. Ecology
    3. Ecosound
    4. Ecotones

Answer: (d) Ecotones

  1. Which one of the following is not a process of cultural change?
    1. Acculturation
    2. Diffusion
    3. Innovation
    4. Segregation

Answer: ( c) Innovation

  1. Who propounded the ‘Theory of Heartland’ in Political Geography?
    1. Smith 
    2. Mackinder 
    3. Spykman
    4. Haushoffer

Answer: (b) Mackinder 

UGC NET Geography Study Material

Candidates appearing for difficult exams like the UGC NET Geography should be familiar with its complexity. They should use preparation techniques worthy of their consistency and hard work. All the study materials are easily accessible online and from users nearby, so candidates can arrange their schedules to prepare for the exam. They must utilise all the resources to improve their UGC NET Geography Exam results. Candidates can use the top UGC NET Geography study materials created by experienced mentors and facilitators and made available in Testbook. Candidates who practise with suitable study resources will be able to pass the exam in one sitting, and they will also be able to frame their own handwritten UGC NET Geography notes.

Candidates can access the UGC NET Study Material here!

UGC NET Geography Study Material: Online Coaching

For the best preparation for the UGC NET Geography exam, candidates can approach Testbook for the best online coaching. The online classes conducted by top experts at Testbook will provide candidates with useful UGC NET Geography Notes and materials. Candidates will also have a thorough question-and-answer session on every topic they cover. One of the most beneficial and efficient strategies for candidates to prepare for the UGC NET Geography exam is through this.

Candidates can access the UGC NET Geography Coaching here!

Daily Live Series for UGC NET Geography Exam

To help candidates get higher scores on the UGC NET Exam, Testbook provides a wide range of study materials called the Testbook live series. Candidates who apply for the UGC NET Geography Exam will need a significant amount of coaching and study resources to pass the exam in a single attempt. The Testbook provides candidates with super coaching, online coaching in which students receive video notes for each unit in the UGC NET Geography Syllabus. Doubt-clearing sessions will be a part of the Testbook super coaching, which will be to the applicant's advantage.

Additionally, Testbook includes all the necessary UGC NET Geography study materials, including past years' questions and answers, practice exams, test series, UGC NET Geography notes, a list of books needed to pass the UGC NET Geography Exam, and much more. Candidates can score higher and achieve favourable results with these interesting study materials.

UGC NET Geography Study Material: Previous Years Papers

The UGC NET Geography Previous Years Papers are examined once candidates get the accurate information required to understand the concepts of the paper and the range of question patterns. Candidates will gain the confidence they need to take the exam slowly.

The candidates will perform well if they consistently examine the papers from the previous year and the UGC NET Geography Notes. To improve their level of preparation, candidates can use the question papers from the previous year that Testbook provides. Testbook provides UGC NET Geography Previous Years Papers, which would benefit candidates. Students can download these question papers with answers to study effectively and perform better on exams.

UGC NET Geography Study Material: Test Series

The UGC NET Geography Test Series might help with time management and accuracy. These mock tests will improve their accuracy and speed as they prepare for the UGC NET Geography Exam.

Additionally, students who practice these mock exams typically perform better because they have already experienced the questions that will be asked in the exam. These practice exams are available on the Testbook website for students to take. The Testbook provides practice tests for the UGC NET Geography Exam, including chapter-specific exams, subject-specific tests, full paper tests, and previous year's papers. This is a great resource for students to get practice. Candidates will perform well in the UGC NET Geography test if they practice all of these topics with the help of the notes provided. These UGC NET Geography Test Series are easily accessible to candidates through the Testbook website.

Best Books for UGC NET Geography Preparation

For any competitive examination, books are the major source of study material. The UGC NET Geography exam can take time to find appropriate and high-quality books. Additionally, these books are a major element of the UGC NET Geography Notes because they help candidates plan their written notes during the preparation phase.

Candidates can have a hassle-free exam preparation approach by looking through the carefully prepared selection of books. For UGC NET Geography books, please see the table below.

Name of the books.

Authors/ publishers

Fundamentals of Geomorphology

R J Huggett

Principles of Geomorphology

W D Thornbury

Essentials of Oceanography

A P Trujillo and H V Thurman.

Environmental Geography

Savindra Singh

Introduction to Settlement Geography

S Ghosh

Advanced Economic Geography

Dr Alka Gautam

Economic and Social Geography

R Knowles and J Wareing

Fundamentals of Political Geography 

R L Dwivedi and H N Misra


We believe that the candidates received an accurate understanding on the UGC NET Geography Notes. To perform at their best on the UGC NET Geography exam, candidates might enrol in UGC NET coaching. Candidates can always download and use our Testbook App for all competitive exam updates, test series, live quizzes, and mock examinations for more content and information on the same exam and other competitive exams.

Latest UGC NET Updates

-> The UGC NET Answer Key 2025 June was released on the official website ugcnet.nta.ac.in on 06th July 2025.

-> The UGC NET June 2025 exam will be conducted from 25th to 29th June 2025.

-> The UGC-NET exam takes place for 85 subjects, to determine the eligibility for 'Junior Research Fellowship’ and ‘Assistant Professor’ posts, as well as for PhD. admissions.

-> The exam is conducted bi-annually - in June and December cycles.

-> The exam comprises two papers - Paper I and Paper II. Paper I consists of 50 questions and Paper II consists of 100 questions. 

-> The candidates who are preparing for the exam can check the UGC NET Previous Year Papers and UGC NET Test Series to boost their preparations.

FAQs on UGC NET Geography Notes

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