Which of the following options best describes the Ideal Gas Law?

The correct answer is Option 1: The pressure (P), volume (V) and temperature (T) of a fixed quantity of gas are related by the equation PV/T = Constant..

Key Points

• The Ideal Gas Law is a fundamental equation in physical chemistry and thermodynamics that relates the pressure, volume, and temperature of an ideal gas.
• The equation is usually written as PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is temperature.
• The Ideal Gas Law combines several simpler gas laws: Boyle's Law, Charles's Law, and Avogadro's Law.
• The law assumes that gases are composed of point particles that do not interact with each other except through elastic collisions.
• It is an approximation that works well under many conditions but deviates at high pressures and low temperatures where gases are not ideal.

Additional Information

• Boyle's Law:
  • States that the pressure of a given mass of gas is inversely proportional to its volume at constant temperature.
  • Mathematically, it is represented as P1V1 = P2V2.
• Charles's Law:
  • States that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature at constant pressure.
  • Mathematically, it is represented as V1/T1 = V2/T2.
• Avogadro's Law:
  • States that equal volumes of all gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules.
  • Mathematically, it can be written as V/n = k, where k is a constant.
• Ideal Gas Constant (R):
  • The value of the ideal gas constant R is approximately 8.314 J/(mol·K).
  • It provides the necessary link between the macroscopic measurements of gas properties and the microscopic theory of gases.