Comprehension

निर्देश : निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के लिए नीचे दिए गए कथनों पर विचार करें:

माना \(\rm I=\int_0^{\pi/2}\frac{f(x)}{g(x)}dx\), जहाँ f(x) = sin x और g(x) = sin x + cos x + 1

I किसके बराबर है?

This question was previously asked in
NDA-II 2024 (Maths) Official Paper (Held On: 01 Sept, 2024)
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  1. \(\rm \frac{\pi}{4}+\ln2\)
  2. \(\rm \frac{\pi}{4}-\ln2\)
  3. \(\rm \frac{\pi}{4}-\frac{\ln2}{2}\)
  4. \(\rm \frac{\pi}{4}+\frac{\ln2}{2}\)

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : \(\rm \frac{\pi}{4}-\frac{\ln2}{2}\)
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Detailed Solution

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संप्रत्यय:

निश्चित समाकलों का गुणधर्म (सममिति):

  • यदि \( f(x) \) \( [0, a] \) पर सतत है, तो \( \int_0^a f(x)\,dx = \int_0^a f(a - x)\,dx \).
  • यह गुणधर्म त्रिकोणमितीय सर्वसमिकाओं वाले समाकलों के मूल्यांकन में मदद करता है जब सीमाएँ सममित होती हैं।
  • प्रयुक्त मानक परिणाम: \( \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \frac{1}{\sin x + \cos x + 1} dx = \ln 2 \).
  • दो सममित समाकलों को मिलाने से व्यंजकों को सरल बनाया जा सकता है और जटिल पदों को समाप्त किया जा सकता है।

गणना:

मान लीजिये \( I = \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \frac{\sin x}{\sin x + \cos x + 1} dx \)

⇒ प्रतिस्थापन \( x \rightarrow \frac{\pi}{2} - x \) का उपयोग करते हुए

\( I = \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \frac{\cos x}{\sin x + \cos x + 1} dx \)

⇒ दोनों व्यंजकों को जोड़ने पर, हमें प्राप्त होता है:

\( 2I = \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \frac{\sin x + \cos x}{\sin x + \cos x + 1} dx \)

\( 2I = \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \left(1 - \frac{1}{\sin x + \cos x + 1} \right) dx \)

\( 2I = \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} 1 dx - \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \frac{1}{\sin x + \cos x + 1} dx \)

\( 2I = \frac{\pi}{2} - \ln 2 \)

\( I = \frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{\ln 2}{2} \)

∴ समाकल का मान \( \frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{\ln 2}{2} \) है।

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