Skeleton System MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Skeleton System - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Heart.

Key Points

• Cardiac muscle tissue
  • It is only found in the heart. Hence, Option 3 is correct.
  • Highly coordinated contractions of cardiac muscle pump blood into the vessels of the circulatory system.
  • Similar to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle is striated and organized into sarcomeres, possessing the same banding organization as skeletal muscle.
  • However, cardiac muscle fibres are shorter than skeletal muscle fibres and usually contain only one nucleus, which is located in the central region of the cell.
  • Cardiac muscle fibres also possess many mitochondria and myoglobin, as ATP is produced primarily through aerobic metabolism.
  • Cardiac muscle fibres cells also are extensively branched and are connected at their ends by intercalated discs.
  • An intercalated disc allows the cardiac muscle cells to contract in a wave-like pattern so that the heart can work as a pump.

​ Additional Information

• Pancreas
  • The pancreas is a gland, about six inches long, located in the abdomen.
  • It is shaped like a flat pear and is surrounded by the stomach, small intestine, liver, spleen, and gallbladder.
  • The wide end of the pancreas on the right side of the body is called the head.
  • The middle sections are the neck and body.
  • The thin end of the pancreas on the left side of the body is called the tail.
  • The uncinate process is the part of the gland that bends backward and underneath the head of the pancreas.
• The liver
  • It is a large, meaty organ that sits on the right side of the belly.
  • Weighing about 3 pounds, the liver is reddish-brown and feels rubbery to the touch.
  • Normally you can't feel the liver, because it's protected by the rib cage.
  • The liver has two large sections, called the right and the left lobes.
  • One of a pair of organs in the abdomen.
• The kidneys
  • It removes waste and extra water from the blood (as urine) and helps keep chemicals (such as sodium, potassium, and calcium) balanced in the body.
  • The kidneys also make hormones that help control blood pressure and stimulate the bone marrow to make red blood cells.

The correct answer is calcium and phosphorus.

Key Points:

• The structure that holds the body up is made of bone.
• Additionally, it supports the body's major organs and anchors the muscles.
• It is a solid, unyielding tissue.
• A dense matrix made of calcium and phosphate molecules contains the bone cells.
• A different kind of connective tissue called a ligament can join two bones together.
• This tissue is extremely flexible.
• Another form of connective tissue is the tendon, which links bones and muscles. 

Additional Information:

• Tendons are fibrous tissues with little flexibility and tremendous strength.
• The cells of cartilage are widely spaced.
• Sugars and proteins make up the solid matrix.
• In addition to the nose, ear, trachea, and larynx, cartilage smoothes the surfaces of bones at joints.
• Areolar connective tissue can be found in the bone marrow, around blood vessels and nerves, and between the skin and muscles.
• It supports internal organs, fills empty space inside the organs, and aids in tissue restoration. 

Concept:

• Joints are points of contact between bones, or between bones and cartilages.
• Joints have been classified into three major structural forms,
  • Fibrous: They do not allow any movement. This type of joint is shown by the flat skull bones.
  • Cartilaginous: The bones involved are joined together with the help of cartilages. The joint between the adjacent vertebrae is an example.
  • Synovial: these are characterized by the presence of a fluid-filled synovial cavity between the articulating surfaces of the two bones. Such an arrangement
    allows considerable movement.

Explanation:

Ball and Socket joint:

• It is present between the humerus and pectoral girdle.
• The rounded end of one bone fits into the cavity (hollow space) of the other bone
• Such a joint allows movements in all directions i.e 360⁰ movements.

​Thus, the ball and socket joint allows 360⁰ movements.

Additional Information

Hinge Joint:

• It allows only a back and forth movement.
• Example of such joints is the elbow and knee.

Pivot joint:

• The joint where our neck joins the head is a pivotal joint.
• It allows us to bend our heads forward and backward
  and turn the head to our right or left.

Saddle joints:

• Saddle joints are types of synovial joints.

The correct answer is Calcium and phosphorus compounds.

Key Points

• The bone matrix primarily consists of calcium phosphate in the form of hydroxyapatite crystals, which provide hardness and strength.
• Phosphorus compounds are essential for forming hydroxyapatite, which contributes to the rigidity of bones.
• The matrix also contains collagen fibers, which offer flexibility and tensile strength, complementing the calcium and phosphorus.
• Bone cells such as osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts are embedded in the matrix, which continuously remodels the bone structure.
• The inorganic portion (calcium and phosphorus compounds) constitutes about 65% of the bone matrix, while the organic portion (collagen and other proteins) accounts for the remaining 35%.

Additional Information

• Hydroxyapatite:
  • Hydroxyapatite is a crystalline structure composed of calcium and phosphorus.
  • It is responsible for the bone's rigidity and resistance to compression.
  • The formula for hydroxyapatite is Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂.
• Collagen:
  • Collagen is the most abundant protein in the bone matrix.
  • It provides tensile strength and flexibility, preventing bones from being too brittle.
  • Collagen works synergistically with hydroxyapatite for optimal bone structure.
• Bone Remodeling:
  • Bone remodeling is a continuous process involving osteoblasts (bone-forming cells) and osteoclasts (bone-resorbing cells).
  • Calcium and phosphorus are constantly deposited and resorbed to maintain bone health and adapt to mechanical stresses.
• Mineralization:
  • Mineralization is the process by which calcium and phosphorus compounds are deposited in the bone matrix.
  • Vitamin D plays a crucial role in the absorption of calcium and phosphorus for mineralization.

The correct answer is Middle Ear.

• The Malleus bone is located in our Middle Ear.

Key Points

• The malleus is the outermost and largest of the three small bones in the middle ear and reaches an average length of about eight millimetres in the typical adult.
• It is informally referred to as a hammer, owing to it being a hammer-shaped ossicle or small bone that is connected to the ear.
• It is composed of the head, neck, anterior process, lateral process, and manubrium.
• When sound reaches the tympanic membrane (eardrum), the malleus transmits these sound vibrations from the eardrum to the incus, and then to the stapes, which is connected to the oval window.
• In cases of atticoantral disease, an inflammatory disease of the middle ear, the ossicular chain (malleus, incus, and stapes) is often affected by abnormal skin growth, called cholesteatoma.

Additional Information

• Outer Ear:
  • ​The medical term for the outer ear is the auricle or pinna. The outer ear is made up of cartilage and skin.
  • There are three different parts to the outer ear; the tragus, helix, and lobule. 
• Pinna:
  • The auricle (pinna) is the visible portion of the outer ear. It collects sound waves and channels them into the ear canal (external auditory meatus), where the sound is amplified.
• Middle Ear:
  • ​The middle ear is the portion of the ear internal to the eardrum, and external to the oval window of the inner ear.
  • The mammalian middle ear contains three ossicles, which transfer the vibrations of the eardrum into waves in the fluid and membranes of the inner ear.

Important Points 

The correct answer is Mandible.

Key Points

• Bones of the skull and three thin membranes called meninges are there to protect the brain.
• The brain is also cushioned and protected by cerebrospinal fluid.
• The skull is made up of 22 bones.
• The only bone that can move is Mandible.
• The nasal bone is part of the Skullbone.

​

• The atlas bone is the first of seven cervical vertebrae that supports the weight of the skull.
• The tibia is the bone that forms the shin part of the leg.
• The femur bone is the largest bone of the body, it is the thigh bone.

Additional Information

• Some important name of bones:
  • Knee- Patella
  • Thigh- Femur (largest bone)
  • Ankle- Tarsal
  • Fingers- Phalanges
  • Wrist- Carpals
  • Upper arms- Humerus
  • Palm- Metacarpal
  • Bones in ear- Malleus, Incus, Stapes (smallest bone)

*Note: gluteus maximus Largest muscle in the human body.

The correct answer is Middle Ear.

• The Malleus bone is located in our Middle Ear.

Key Points

• The malleus is the outermost and largest of the three small bones in the middle ear and reaches an average length of about eight millimetres in the typical adult.
• It is informally referred to as a hammer, owing to it being a hammer-shaped ossicle or small bone that is connected to the ear.
• It is composed of the head, neck, anterior process, lateral process, and manubrium.
• When sound reaches the tympanic membrane (eardrum), the malleus transmits these sound vibrations from the eardrum to the incus, and then to the stapes, which is connected to the oval window.
• In cases of atticoantral disease, an inflammatory disease of the middle ear, the ossicular chain (malleus, incus, and stapes) is often affected by abnormal skin growth, called cholesteatoma.

Additional Information

• Outer Ear:
  • ​The medical term for the outer ear is the auricle or pinna. The outer ear is made up of cartilage and skin.
  • There are three different parts to the outer ear; the tragus, helix, and lobule. 
• Pinna:
  • The auricle (pinna) is the visible portion of the outer ear. It collects sound waves and channels them into the ear canal (external auditory meatus), where the sound is amplified.
• Middle Ear:
  • ​The middle ear is the portion of the ear internal to the eardrum, and external to the oval window of the inner ear.
  • The mammalian middle ear contains three ossicles, which transfer the vibrations of the eardrum into waves in the fluid and membranes of the inner ear.

Important Points 

The correct answer is 33.

• The human spinal column is made up of 33 bones.
• Vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs.

• Each vertebra is given a name according to its location.

• Formula - C7 T12 L5 S5 C4 
• The first vertebral column is Atlas which is connected with the skull.

The correct answer is between knee joints.

• The knee joint is an example of a hinge joint that allows movement in one plane.
• In this knee joint, the bone doesn't get rubbed with each other.

Key Points

• The hinge joint is a type of synovial joint which helps in bending and avoiding friction due to the presence of synovial fluid.
• Synovial fluid is a lubricating material that allows movement without getting rubbed.
• Bone combined with Ligaments, muscles, and tendons provides strength to the joint place.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Lactic acid.

Key Points

• During heavy exercise, the demand for energy is high but the supply of oxygen to produce energy is limited.
• Therefore, anaerobic respiration takes place in the muscles cells to fulfill the demand for energy.
• This anaerobic breakdown of glucose leads to the formation of lactic acid in muscles.
• The accumulation of lactic acid in muscles leads to muscle cramps.
• Hence During heavy exercise, we get cramps in the legs due to the accumulation of Lactic acid.
• So, the correct answer is 'Lactic acid'.

The correct answer is Ligaments.

• Ligaments are the connective tissue that connects two bones to each other.

Key Points

• Ligaments are short bands of tough flexible connective tissues which connect two bones.
• Ligaments connect bones to other bones.
• Tendons are made up of collagen.
• Tendons connect bones to muscles.
• There are 11 major organ systems in humans.
• Cartilage is an important structural component of the body. It is a firm tissue but is softer and much more flexible than bone.

Additional Information Bone to Cartilage:

• Cartilage is a type of connective tissue found in the body. When an embryo is developing, cartilage is the precursor to the bone.
• Some cartilage remains and is dispersed throughout the body, especially to cover the joints.
• Cartilage also composes most of the outer ear.

• Human beings have four types of teeth which are Incisors, Canine, Molar and Premolar.
• A normal adult mouth has 32 teeth.
• Incisors (8) help in biting into the food.
• Canines (4) help in tearing the food.
• Molars (12) help in grinding the food.
• Premolars (8) help in crushing the food.

The correct answer is Teeth.

Important Points

• Teeth consist mostly of hard, inorganic minerals like calcium.
• They also contain nerves, blood vessels, and specialized cells.
• They don’t have the regenerative powers that bones do and can’t grow back together if broken. So they are not considered as bone.
• Bones, on the other hand, are covered in a layer of cells called the periosteum that allow the bone to change over time.

Key Points

• The human skeletal system provides a structural framework and supports the body.
• It comprises bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons that connect to bones and bones to muscles.
• The human skeletal system provides a definite shape to the body and protection to internal organs.
• At the time of birth, infants have more bones (300 bones), which due to fusion in some of the bones, form larger bones and 206 bones remain in a human adult.
• The skeleton system is divided into two parts:
  • Axial skeleton- includes bones of the skull, upper and lower jaws, ribs, and vertebral column.
  • Appendicular skeleton- involves the bone of legs and hand, pectoral and pelvic girdle. 

Additional Information

•   Hair, Nails, Hooves are made of a tough protein called keratin.

• Ligaments are the connective tissue that connects two bones to each other.
• Ligaments are a short band of tough flexible connective tissues that connects two bones.
• Tendons are made up of collagen.
• Tendons connect bones to muscles.
• There are 11 major organ systems in humans.
• Cartilage is an important structural component of the body. It is a firm tissue but is softer and much more flexible than bone.