Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sectors MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sectors - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Textile and Apparel.

Key Points

• The textile and apparel industry is the second-largest sector in India in terms of job creation, after agriculture.
• Cluster development is a widely used strategy in this sector to promote competitiveness and regional specialization.
• The Indian textile and apparel industry contributes significantly to the GDP, export earnings, and employment generation.
• India is one of the world's largest producers of textiles and garments, with a strong presence in cotton, silk, and jute production.
• The industry is highly labor-intensive, employing over 45 million people directly and around 60 million indirectly.

Additional Information

• Cluster Development
  • Cluster development involves grouping enterprises within a specific geographic location to promote shared resources, collaboration, and innovation.
  • It enhances productivity, competitiveness, and economies of scale for small and medium enterprises (SMEs).
  • This approach is particularly effective in labor-intensive industries like textiles and apparel.
• Contribution to Exports
  • The textile and apparel industry accounts for approximately 12% of India’s total export earnings.
  • India is a leading exporter of cotton textiles, garments, and home furnishings globally.
• Government Initiatives
  • Programs like Integrated Textile Parks and Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme (TUFS) aim to support the industry.
  • The National Technical Textiles Mission was launched to enhance the use of technical textiles in India.
• Employment Generation
  • The textile sector is a major source of employment, providing jobs to millions, particularly women in rural areas.
  • It plays a critical role in poverty alleviation and rural development in India.

The correct answer is Secondary Sector.

Key Points

• The Secondary Sector, also known as the industrial sector, is responsible for producing manufactured goods by processing raw materials obtained from the Primary Sector.
• This sector includes industries such as automobiles, textiles, electronics, steel production, and construction.
• It transforms raw materials like minerals, timber, and agricultural products into finished goods or semi-finished products.
• The activities in this sector contribute significantly to economic development and employment generation.
• Examples of secondary sector processes include manufacturing, refining, and assembly.

Additional Information

• Primary Sector:
  • This sector involves the extraction of natural resources such as farming, fishing, mining, and forestry.
  • It provides raw materials to the Secondary Sector for further processing.
  • It is considered the backbone of economies dependent on agriculture and natural resource exploitation.
• Tertiary Sector:
  • The Tertiary Sector is focused on services such as education, healthcare, retail, and entertainment.
  • It does not produce goods but facilitates the distribution and consumption of goods produced by other sectors.
• Quaternary Sector:
  • This sector is associated with knowledge-based activities, including research and development, IT services, and consultancy.
  • It plays a critical role in innovation and technological advancement.
• Importance of Secondary Sector:
  • It helps in value addition to raw materials, increasing their economic worth.
  • It contributes to industrialization, leading to urbanization and infrastructure development.

The correct answer is Secondary sector.

Key Points

• Electricity production falls under the Secondary sector of the economy.
• The Secondary sector involves industries that process, manufacture, and construct products from raw materials.
• Activities in the Secondary sector include manufacturing, construction, and utilities like electricity, gas, and water supply.
• Electricity production involves the transformation of raw materials (like coal, natural gas, or water) into usable energy.
• This sector plays a crucial role in the industrial development and economic growth of a country.
• Examples of industries in the Secondary sector include steel production, automobile manufacturing, and textile production.

 Additional Information

• Primary sector
  • The Primary sector involves the extraction and harvesting of natural resources.
  • Activities include agriculture, mining, forestry, and fishing.
  • This sector is the foundation of all other products and industries.
• Tertiary sector
  • The Tertiary sector involves the provision of services rather than goods.
  • It includes industries like retail, entertainment, financial services, healthcare, and education.
  • This sector is also known as the service sector.
• Quaternary sector
  • The Quaternary sector involves knowledge-based activities.
  • It includes services such as information technology, research and development, and consultancy.
  • This sector is crucial for innovation and the growth of the knowledge economy.

The Correct answer is More than 75% of the population engaged in primary sector.

Key Points

• The Census of India defines an area as a town based on specific socio-economic and demographic criteria.
• The criteria do not include the condition of “more than 75% of the population engaged in the primary sector”, as this characteristic is typically associated with rural areas, not urban settlements.
• Primary sector activities, such as agriculture, forestry, and fishing, dominate rural regions, distinguishing them from towns or urban centers.
• Towns, as per the Census, are identified based on a mix of criteria like population size, density, and administrative framework, rather than the occupational structure of the population.
• This distinction ensures a clear differentiation between urban and rural areas for planning, administration, and governance purposes.

 Additional Information

• Presence of municipality, corporation, etc.
  • The presence of an urban local body, such as a municipality or corporation, is a key administrative criterion for defining a town.
  • These bodies are responsible for the governance and development of urban areas, including infrastructure, sanitation, and public services.
• Population density of 400 persons per km²
  • A minimum population density of 400 persons per km² is one of the demographic indicators used to define urban areas in India.
  • This density threshold ensures that the area has sufficient concentration of population to qualify as a town.
• Population size of more than 5,000 persons
  • A population size exceeding 5,000 persons is a fundamental criterion for identifying towns as per the Census of India.
  • This ensures that only areas with a significant population concentration are categorized as urban centers.

The correct answer is Agriculture.

Key Points

• The agriculture sector in India employs a significant percentage of the workforce, yet experiences the highest unemployment due to seasonal nature of work and disguised unemployment.
• Disguised unemployment is prevalent in agriculture, where more people are engaged than required, leading to inefficient utilization of labor.
• Nearly 42% of India’s workforce is employed in agriculture, yet its contribution to GDP is only around 16-18%, reflecting structural issues.
• Factors such as dependency on monsoons, lack of advanced technology, and low mechanization exacerbate unemployment in agriculture.
• Government initiatives like the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) aim to reduce rural unemployment, including in the agricultural sector.

Additional Information

• Disguised Unemployment:
  • A form of unemployment where workers appear employed but contribute minimally to productivity.
  • Commonly seen in agriculture, where excess labor does not improve output.
• Seasonal Unemployment:
  • Occurs when certain industries, like agriculture, depend on specific seasons for production.
  • Farmers and agricultural laborers often face unemployment during non-harvest periods.
• Structural Issues in Agriculture:
  • Low mechanization and reliance on traditional methods limit growth and employment opportunities.
  • Over-dependence on rain-fed farming leads to vulnerability during droughts.
• Government Initiatives:
  • MGNREGA: Provides guaranteed employment for 100 days to rural households, targeting unemployment in agriculture.
  • PM-KISAN: Offers direct income support to farmers to improve their financial stability.

The correct answer is Secondary sector.

Key Points

• Electricity production falls under the Secondary sector of the economy.
• The Secondary sector involves industries that process, manufacture, and construct products from raw materials.
• Activities in the Secondary sector include manufacturing, construction, and utilities like electricity, gas, and water supply.
• Electricity production involves the transformation of raw materials (like coal, natural gas, or water) into usable energy.
• This sector plays a crucial role in the industrial development and economic growth of a country.
• Examples of industries in the Secondary sector include steel production, automobile manufacturing, and textile production.

 Additional Information

• Primary sector
  • The Primary sector involves the extraction and harvesting of natural resources.
  • Activities include agriculture, mining, forestry, and fishing.
  • This sector is the foundation of all other products and industries.
• Tertiary sector
  • The Tertiary sector involves the provision of services rather than goods.
  • It includes industries like retail, entertainment, financial services, healthcare, and education.
  • This sector is also known as the service sector.
• Quaternary sector
  • The Quaternary sector involves knowledge-based activities.
  • It includes services such as information technology, research and development, and consultancy.
  • This sector is crucial for innovation and the growth of the knowledge economy.

The correct answer is A, B, D only.

Key Points

• The tertiary sector, also known as the service sector, includes activities where people offer their knowledge and time to improve productivity, performance, potential, and sustainability.
• Call centre employees (A) are involved in service-based roles, providing customer support and handling inquiries, which is a quintessential example of a tertiary sector activity.
• Lawyers (B) provide legal services, advice, and representation, which are integral parts of the service industry.
• Moneylenders (D) offer financial services, including lending money to individuals or businesses, which falls under the financial services sub-category of the tertiary sector.
• Fishermen (C) and farmers (E) are involved in primary sector activities as they are directly engaged in the extraction and production of raw materials.

Additional Information

• Primary Sector:
  • This sector includes activities related to the extraction and production of natural resources.
  • Examples include agriculture, fishing, mining, and forestry.
• Secondary Sector:
  • Involves the transformation of raw materials into finished goods through manufacturing and construction.
  • Examples include factories, construction companies, and craft production.
• Tertiary Sector:
  • Comprises service-based activities that provide support to the primary and secondary sectors and cater directly to consumers.
  • Includes services like retail, entertainment, financial services, healthcare, and information technology.
• Quaternary Sector:
  • Involves knowledge-based activities such as research and development, information technology, and higher education.
  • Examples include consultancy services and scientific research.
• Quinary Sector:
  • Includes high-level decision-making and advanced services like top executives, government officials, and non-profit organizations.
  • It is often considered an extension of the tertiary sector.

The correct answer is Agriculture.

Key Points

• Agriculture is the primary source of livelihood for about 58% of India’s population.
• It is the most labor-intensive sector in India, employing a significant portion of the workforce, especially in rural areas.
• The agricultural sector includes a wide range of activities such as farming, animal husbandry, and fisheries.
• Despite its high labor intensity, agriculture contributes around 17-18% to India's GDP.

Additional Information

• Green Revolution:
  • Introduced in the 1960s, it led to a significant increase in food grain production, especially in Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh.
  • It involved the use of high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilizers, and improved irrigation facilities.
  • The Green Revolution made India self-sufficient in food grains.
• Types of Farming:
  • Subsistence farming: Small-scale farming for self-consumption.
  • Commercial farming: Large-scale farming for sale in the market.
  • Mixed farming: Combination of crop cultivation and livestock farming.
• Major Crops:
  • Food grains: Rice, wheat, millet, pulses.
  • Commercial crops: Cotton, sugarcane, jute, oilseeds.
  • Horticulture: Fruits, vegetables, flowers, spices.
• Challenges in Agriculture:
  • Dependence on monsoon rains for irrigation.
  • Fragmented land holdings due to inheritance laws.
  • Limited access to modern technology and credit facilities.
  • Fluctuating market prices and inadequate storage infrastructure.

The Correct answer is Primary sector.

Key Points

• The Primary sector is a crucial part of the economy that involves activities related to the extraction and harvesting of natural resources.
• In India, this sector includes activities such as agriculture, forestry, fishing, and mining.
• It is the foundation of the economy, providing raw materials for other sectors like the secondary and tertiary sectors.
• Activities like cultivation of crops, extraction of minerals, and fishing are examples of operations in the primary sector.
• The primary sector supports a significant portion of the Indian population, especially in rural areas, where agriculture is the main livelihood.
• India is known for being one of the leading producers of agricultural products such as rice, wheat, and spices, further highlighting the importance of this sector.
• The primary sector also includes mining activities, where India is rich in resources like coal, iron ore, bauxite, and limestone.
• Government initiatives like the National Agriculture Policy and programs like PM-Kisan aim to strengthen the primary sector and improve the livelihood of farmers.

 Additional Information

• Secondary sector
  • The secondary sector involves manufacturing and industrial production.
  • This sector processes raw materials obtained from the primary sector into finished goods, such as steel, textiles, and automobiles.
  • Examples of industries in this sector include construction, factories, and power generation units.
  • The secondary sector plays a significant role in urban areas, contributing to economic development and employment generation.
• Tertiary sector
  • The tertiary sector, also known as the service sector, focuses on providing services rather than goods.
  • Services include banking, education, healthcare, transportation, and communication.
  • This sector is vital for facilitating economic activities and connecting consumers with goods and services.
  • India has a growing tertiary sector, with IT and software services being globally recognized.
• Quaternary sector
  • The quaternary sector is a specialized branch of the tertiary sector, focusing on knowledge-based activities.
  • Examples include research, development, information technology, and data analysis.
  • This sector is crucial for innovation and technological advancements in the modern economy.
  • India has a booming IT industry, making the quaternary sector a growing contributor to the economy.

The Correct answer is Quaternary.

Key Points

• The Quaternary sector of the economy is associated with intellectual activities, research, and development.
• It includes activities like information technology, consultancy, education, financial planning, and scientific research.
• This sector deals with the creation, distribution, and use of knowledge and information.
• Examples include data analysis, software development, research labs, and academic institutions.
• The Quaternary sector is often considered as an extension of the tertiary sector, but with a focus on knowledge-based services.
• It plays a crucial role in the development of a knowledge-based economy, which is pivotal in modern global markets.
• This sector is growing rapidly due to advancements in technology and globalization.

 Additional Information

• Primary Sector
  • The primary sector involves extraction of natural resources, such as agriculture, fishing, forestry, and mining.
  • It is fundamental for the economy as it provides raw materials for other sectors.
  • This sector is typically labor-intensive and is prominent in developing countries.
• Secondary Sector
  • The secondary sector is involved in manufacturing and industrial production.
  • It transforms raw materials from the primary sector into finished goods, such as cars, textiles, and machinery.
  • Examples include factories, construction, and engineering industries.
• Tertiary Sector
  • The tertiary sector provides services rather than goods.
  • Examples include retail, transportation, healthcare, and tourism.
  • It acts as a link between the producer and consumer, ensuring the delivery of goods and services.

The correct answer is Service.

Key Points

• The service sector is the largest contributor to GDP in most developed economies, including India, accounting for over 50% of the GDP at higher levels of development.
• This sector encompasses industries such as banking, finance, education, healthcare, information technology (IT), and tourism, among others.
• India's service sector has shown exponential growth over the years due to urbanization, technological advancements, and globalization.
• In advanced economies, the shift from manufacturing and agriculture to services is termed as economic structural transformation.
• As of recent data, India's service sector accounts for approximately 54% of its GDP, showcasing its dominant role in economic development.

Additional Information

• Economic Structural Transformation: It refers to the shift in economic activity from primary sectors like agriculture to secondary (manufacturing) and tertiary (services) sectors as economies develop.
• Agriculture Sector Contribution: In developing economies, agriculture usually plays a significant role in GDP, but its share declines as economies mature and shift focus to services and industry.
• Industry Sector Contribution: The industrial sector typically peaks during the mid-development phase before the service sector dominates in advanced stages.
• Global Service Economy Trends: Countries like the USA, UK, and Germany have service sectors contributing over 70% of their GDP, driven by advancements in technology and digitalization.
• India's IT Sector: The IT and software services industry is a key driver of India's service sector, contributing significantly to exports and employment generation.

The Correct answer is More than 75% of the population engaged in primary sector.

Key Points

• The Census of India defines an area as a town based on specific socio-economic and demographic criteria.
• The criteria do not include the condition of “more than 75% of the population engaged in the primary sector”, as this characteristic is typically associated with rural areas, not urban settlements.
• Primary sector activities, such as agriculture, forestry, and fishing, dominate rural regions, distinguishing them from towns or urban centers.
• Towns, as per the Census, are identified based on a mix of criteria like population size, density, and administrative framework, rather than the occupational structure of the population.
• This distinction ensures a clear differentiation between urban and rural areas for planning, administration, and governance purposes.

 Additional Information

• Presence of municipality, corporation, etc.
  • The presence of an urban local body, such as a municipality or corporation, is a key administrative criterion for defining a town.
  • These bodies are responsible for the governance and development of urban areas, including infrastructure, sanitation, and public services.
• Population density of 400 persons per km²
  • A minimum population density of 400 persons per km² is one of the demographic indicators used to define urban areas in India.
  • This density threshold ensures that the area has sufficient concentration of population to qualify as a town.
• Population size of more than 5,000 persons
  • A population size exceeding 5,000 persons is a fundamental criterion for identifying towns as per the Census of India.
  • This ensures that only areas with a significant population concentration are categorized as urban centers.

The correct answer is Agriculture.

Key Points

• The agriculture sector in India employs a significant percentage of the workforce, yet experiences the highest unemployment due to seasonal nature of work and disguised unemployment.
• Disguised unemployment is prevalent in agriculture, where more people are engaged than required, leading to inefficient utilization of labor.
• Nearly 42% of India’s workforce is employed in agriculture, yet its contribution to GDP is only around 16-18%, reflecting structural issues.
• Factors such as dependency on monsoons, lack of advanced technology, and low mechanization exacerbate unemployment in agriculture.
• Government initiatives like the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) aim to reduce rural unemployment, including in the agricultural sector.

Additional Information

• Disguised Unemployment:
  • A form of unemployment where workers appear employed but contribute minimally to productivity.
  • Commonly seen in agriculture, where excess labor does not improve output.
• Seasonal Unemployment:
  • Occurs when certain industries, like agriculture, depend on specific seasons for production.
  • Farmers and agricultural laborers often face unemployment during non-harvest periods.
• Structural Issues in Agriculture:
  • Low mechanization and reliance on traditional methods limit growth and employment opportunities.
  • Over-dependence on rain-fed farming leads to vulnerability during droughts.
• Government Initiatives:
  • MGNREGA: Provides guaranteed employment for 100 days to rural households, targeting unemployment in agriculture.
  • PM-KISAN: Offers direct income support to farmers to improve their financial stability.

The Correct answer is Agriculture.

Key Points

• Agriculture is the primary source of livelihood for the majority of the rural population in India.
• It employs nearly 58% of the Indian workforce, making it the backbone of rural development.
• The sector contributes approximately 18-20% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of India, as per recent government reports.
• It is critical for ensuring food security in India, as the country is one of the largest producers of cereals, pulses, fruits, and vegetables.
• Agriculture in India has a wide variety of activities, including crop production, horticulture, dairy farming, fisheries, and poultry farming.
• It acts as a foundation for allied industries such as food processing, textiles, and biofuels, which are essential for economic growth in rural areas.
• Government initiatives like the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana, PM-KISAN, and the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana aim to support and enhance agricultural productivity.
• With advancements in technology and irrigation systems, agriculture is also witnessing modernization, leading to better yields and sustainable farming practices.

 Additional Information

• Manufacturing
  • Manufacturing contributes significantly to the Indian economy but is predominantly urban-centric.
  • The sector is part of the secondary sector and includes industries like automobile, steel, cement, and textiles.
  • While it generates employment and boosts exports, its impact on rural development is relatively limited compared to agriculture.
• Tourism
  • Tourism has immense potential in rural areas, especially for promoting cultural and eco-tourism.
  • It contributes to employment generation, particularly in states like Rajasthan, Kerala, and Himachal Pradesh.
  • However, its scope is narrower than agriculture in terms of overall rural development impact.
• IT Sector
  • The IT sector is a key contributor to India's GDP and is known for its role in urban economic growth.
  • Its influence in rural development is limited, although initiatives like Digital India aim to bridge the urban-rural digital divide.
  • Rural areas benefit from IT-enabled services, but the sector is not a primary driver of rural livelihoods.

The correct answer is Secondary Sector.

Key Points

• The Secondary Sector, also known as the industrial sector, is responsible for producing manufactured goods by processing raw materials obtained from the Primary Sector.
• This sector includes industries such as automobiles, textiles, electronics, steel production, and construction.
• It transforms raw materials like minerals, timber, and agricultural products into finished goods or semi-finished products.
• The activities in this sector contribute significantly to economic development and employment generation.
• Examples of secondary sector processes include manufacturing, refining, and assembly.

Additional Information

• Primary Sector:
  • This sector involves the extraction of natural resources such as farming, fishing, mining, and forestry.
  • It provides raw materials to the Secondary Sector for further processing.
  • It is considered the backbone of economies dependent on agriculture and natural resource exploitation.
• Tertiary Sector:
  • The Tertiary Sector is focused on services such as education, healthcare, retail, and entertainment.
  • It does not produce goods but facilitates the distribution and consumption of goods produced by other sectors.
• Quaternary Sector:
  • This sector is associated with knowledge-based activities, including research and development, IT services, and consultancy.
  • It plays a critical role in innovation and technological advancement.
• Importance of Secondary Sector:
  • It helps in value addition to raw materials, increasing their economic worth.
  • It contributes to industrialization, leading to urbanization and infrastructure development.