Origin and evolution of Universe Solar system MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Origin and evolution of Universe Solar system - Download Free PDF

Longitudes are imaginary lines that are drawn from North to South and run East to West on the Earth.

• Each degree is equivalent to 4 minutes.
• The Sunlight reaches the places on each longitude 4 minutes apart.
• Any two places on the same longitude will have the same Standard time, see the Sun at the same place in the sky.

Important Points

• 180 Degree longitude is also called Anti Meridian and is used as the International Dateline separating two time zones of the Earth. 
• The international date line serves as the "line of demarcation" between two consecutive calendar dates.
• The international dateline, established in 1884, passes through the mid-Pacific Ocean and roughly follows a 180 degrees longitude north-south line on the Earth.
• The Equator is the 0-degree Latitude (and is not a Longitude) that is an imaginary line drawn from East to West and running North to South which cuts the Earth into two equal hemispheres. 

Therefore, the answer is option 2. International Date Line. 

Additional Information

The other important Longitude is the Prime Meridian passes through Greenwich, London at 0-degree Longitude. Places to the East of it add 4 minutes with each passing degree while places to its West subtract 4 minutes with each passing degree to calculate the time difference with Greenwich which is at 0-degree longitude. 

The correct answer is Dec 22 

Key Points

• The shortest day length in the Northern Hemisphere occurs during the Winter Solstice, which usually falls on December 21 or 22.
• In 2025, the Winter Solstice is on December 22, marking the day with the least amount of daylight.
• The Winter Solstice happens because the Earth’s axial tilt is farthest away from the Sun in the Northern Hemisphere, resulting in shorter daylight hours.
• On this day, the Sun appears at its lowest altitude in the sky at noon in the Northern Hemisphere.
• Regions closer to the Arctic Circle experience almost no daylight during the Winter Solstice.

Additional Information

• Winter Solstice: The Winter Solstice is an astronomical event that marks the official start of winter in the Northern Hemisphere.
• Axial Tilt: Earth's axial tilt is approximately 23.5 degrees, which causes the variation in day length and seasons.
• Solstice Meaning: The term "solstice" comes from Latin, meaning "Sun stands still," as the Sun's apparent movement north or south pauses briefly.
• Opposite Effect in the Southern Hemisphere: On December 22, the Southern Hemisphere experiences its Summer Solstice, with the longest daylight hours.
• Equinox vs. Solstice: While solstices mark the shortest and longest days, equinoxes occur when day and night lengths are nearly equal.

The correct answer is Earth's revolution and inclination of its axis.

Key Points

• The Earth's revolution around the Sun, which takes approximately 365.25 days, is a key factor in the occurrence of seasons.
• The inclination of Earth's axis at an angle of 23.5° relative to its orbital plane causes different hemispheres to receive varying amounts of sunlight throughout the year.
• Seasons are caused by the tilt of Earth's axis, not by the distance of Earth from the Sun.
• During its revolution, when the Earth's axis tilts towards the Sun, the respective hemisphere experiences summer, and when it tilts away, winter occurs.
• The phenomenon results in opposite seasons in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres at any given time.

Additional Information

• Revolution: The Earth's movement around the Sun in an elliptical orbit, which takes one year to complete.
• Axial Tilt: The Earth's axis is tilted at an angle of 23.5° from the vertical, which is responsible for the variation in sunlight received at different times of the year.
• Equinox: Occurs twice a year (March and September) when the Sun is directly above the equator, resulting in nearly equal day and night lengths.
• Solstice: Occurs twice a year (June and December), marking the longest and shortest days of the year, depending on the hemisphere.
• Perihelion and Aphelion: Earth's closest approach to the Sun (perihelion) occurs in January, and its farthest point (aphelion) occurs in July, but this has minimal effect on seasons compared to axial tilt.

The correct answer is The gravitational force between moon and earth.

Key Points

• The force behind the tidal energy is coming from the gravitational force between the moon and earth.
• The moon's gravity creates a tidal bulge on the earth's surface as it orbits around the earth.
• This bulge creates a high tide where the ocean is pulled towards the moon and a low tide where the ocean is pulled away from the moon.
• As the earth rotates, different parts of the planet experience high and low tides at different times, creating a cyclical pattern of tidal energy.

Additional Information

• Tidal energy is a form of renewable energy that is generated by the rise and fall of ocean tides.
• These tides are caused by the gravitational forces between the earth, the moon, and the sun.
• The moon is the primary driver of tidal energy because it is much closer to the earth than the sun. The gravitational force between the moon and the earth causes a tidal bulge on the earth's surface, which results in two high tides and two low tides each day.
• Tidal energy is typically harnessed using turbines that are placed in the path of the tidal flow.
• When the tide comes in, water flows through the turbines, turning them and generating electricity.
• When the tide goes out, the turbines turn in the opposite direction, generating electricity again.
• This cyclical motion allows for continuous power generation as long as the tides continue to flow.

The correct answer is Milky Way.

Key Points

• The Milky Way is the galaxy that contains our Solar System.
• It is a barred spiral galaxy with a diameter of about 100,000 light-years.
• The Milky Way is estimated to contain 100-400 billion stars, including our Sun.
• It is part of the Local Group of galaxies, which also includes the Andromeda Galaxy.
• Our Solar System is located in the Orion Arm of the Milky Way, about 27,000 light-years from the Galactic Center.

Additional Information

• Galactic Center: The rotational center of the Milky Way, containing a supermassive black hole named Sagittarius A*.
• Spiral Arms: The Milky Way has several spiral arms, including the Perseus Arm, the Carina-Sagittarius Arm, and the Orion Arm where our Solar System resides.
• Local Group: A galaxy cluster that includes the Milky Way, Andromeda, Triangulum, and about 54 other galaxies.
• Dark Matter: The Milky Way, like other galaxies, contains a significant amount of dark matter, which affects its rotation and structure but does not emit light.
• Galactic Halo: A roughly spherical region surrounding the Milky Way, containing old stars, globular clusters, and dark matter.

The correct answer is ​Mars and Jupiter.

Key Points

• Asteroids
  • Apart from the  planets, and satellites, numerous tiny bodies also move around the sun. These bodies are called asteroids.
  • They are found between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
  • Scientists are of the view that asteroids are parts of a planet that exploded many years back.
  • Asteroid Belt is a circumstellar disc in the Solar System.
  • Asteroid Belt is occupied by numerous irregularly shaped bodies called asteroids or minor planets.
  • Four largest asteroids
    • Ceres
    • Vesta
    • Pallas
    • Hygiea
  • Ceres, the asteroid belt's only dwarf planet.
  • Asteroids orbit the Sun and are small bodies on the solar system.
  • They are made up of metals and rocks and also consist of organic compounds.
  • They are similar to comets but don’t have a coma-like comet. 
  • Asteroids tend to have shorter and elliptical orbits.
  • Astronomers have discovered millions of asteroids some that measure hundreds of kilometers across and some as small as dust particles.
  • Asteroids have an elliptical orbit.
  • It is made of metals and rocks.
  • Do not produce a coma or tail atmosphere.
  • The orbital period is 1 to 100 years.

The correct answer is Venus.

• Venus is made up of thick white and yellowish clouds of sulfuric acid.

Key Points

• Venus:
  • The planet is nearest to the Earth and is also the brightest planet.
  • Venus is known as the “Evening Star” as well as “Morning Star”.
  • Known as the “Veiled Planet”.
  • Also known as the “Earth’s twin”. It also rotates clockwise like Uranus.
  • Venus is the hottest planet (even hotter than Mercury).
  • Venus has no water on it. There is no sufficient oxygen on Venus.

Additional Information Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are called terrestrial planets.

• Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are called gaseous planets.
• Uranus is about four times the size of the Earth.
  • This planet appears Greenish in colour because of methane gas present in its atmosphere.
• Neptune is surrounded by methane rings of sub-zero temperature.

The correct answer is Venus.

Important Points

• Jupiter:
  • Jupiter is the planet, orange in color with white bands on it.
  • Jupiter is the largest planet in the Solar System.
  • It is also known as winter planet as its average temperature is very low.
  • Jupiter's atmosphere is mostly made up of hydrogen (H₂) and helium (He).
  • Gannymeda, satellite of Jupiter is the largest satellite in the solar system.
• Mars:
  • Mars is reddish in color.
  • Mars is also known as the Red Planet.
  • It is red in color due to the presence of Iron Oxides.
  • Mars has two moons named Phobos and Deimos.
• Venus: 
  • Venus is Earth's twin in size.
  • Venus is the hottest planet in our Solar System.
  • It is the brightest planet in the Solar System.
  • It is also sometimes referred to as the sister planet to Earth, due to their near similarity of size and mass.
  • Venus is referred to as the “morning star” and “evening star”.
  • It is surrounded by a thick cloud cover, hence known as the Veiled Planet.
  • It is the second planet from the Sun.
  • It also rotates clockwise on its axis like Uranus.
• Uranus:
  • It is about four times the size of the Earth.
  • It appears greenish in color due to the presence of methane gas in its atmosphere.
  • It is the seventh planet from the Sun.
  • It is the third biggest planet in the Solar System.
  • It rotates clockwise i.e from east to west on its axis, which is opposite to other planets except for Venus.
  • The axis of Uranus has a large inclination so that it appears to be lying down, hence it bears the name 'A Planet on its Side'.

The correct answer is Saturn​.

Key Points

• Saturn
  • It is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second-largest planet in our solar system.
  • Like fellow gas giant Jupiter, Saturn is a massive ball made mostly of hydrogen and helium.

Mistake Point

• After the discovery of 62 more satellites, It has now 146 moons, which is maximum among all the planets in the Solar system. 

Additional Information

• Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system.
  • It is the fastest-rotating planet in the solar system.
  • The great red spot is seen in Jupiter.
  • Jupiter takes 12 earth years to make one revolution around the sun in the solar system.
  • Jupiter has 95  moons now.
• Mars
  • It is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System.
  • It is also a dynamic planet with seasons, polar ice caps, canyons, extinct volcanoes, etc.
  • Mars has two moons- Phobos and Deimos
• Venus
  • It is the second planet from the Sun.
  • Its thick atmosphere traps heat in a runaway greenhouse effect, making it the hottest planet in our solar system with surface temperatures hot enough to melt lead.
  • Venus has no moons.

Important Points

Data : As of June 8, 2023, 

Saturn is an outer planet of the solar system. It is the sixth planet from the sun and is known for its beautiful rings. Outer planets, also called gas giants, are primarily composed of gas and have thick atmospheres. They are located beyond the asteroid belt and include Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.

The correct answer is Mercury.

Key Points

• The first four planets are called  Terrestrial, meaning earth-like planets like Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.
• They are also called inner planets.
• They lie between the sun and the belt of asteroids.
• They are made up of rock and metals and have relatively high densities.
• The terrestrial planets were formed in the close vicinity of the parent star where it was too warm for gases to condense to solid particles.
• The terrestrial planets are smaller and their lower gravity could not hold the escaping gases. 
• Other than them the planets are called jovian or giant planets like Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
  • They are also called the outer planets.
  • Most of them are much larger than the terrestrial planets and have a thick atmosphere, mostly of helium and hydrogen.
  • The solar winds were not all that intense to cause the removal of gases from the Jovian planets.​ 

Additional Information

Inner or Terrestrial planets: 

1. Mercury
2. Venus
3. Earth
4. Mars

1. Jupiter
2. Saturn
3. Uranus
4. Neptune

• My Very Excited Mother Just Served Us Nachos
• M →  Mercury, V → Venus, E → Earth, M → Mars, J → Jupiter, S → Saturn, U → Uranus, N → Neptune

The correct answer is France.

Key Points

• A time zone is a region of the globe that observes a uniform standard time for legal, commercial, and social purposes.
• Time zones tend to follow the boundaries of countries and their subdivisions because it is convenient for areas in close commercial or other communication to keep the same time.
• France, including its overseas territories, has a total of 13 time zones. This is due to the fact that France has several territories scattered across the world, including some in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, which have different time zones.
• Russia has 11 Time Zones.
• South Africa has 2 time zones.
• India has only one-time zone. The country has officially observed India Standard Time (IST) since 1947.

The correct answer is 82°30’E.

• 82°30’E meridian or longitude is also termed as the Standard Meridian of India.
• The standard meridian of India is east of the Greenwich Meridian.
• Indian Standard time has a time offset of UTC+05:30.
• Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is the mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich.

Important Points

Standard Meridian of India passes through:

• Uttar Pradesh
• Madhya Pradesh
• Chhattisgarh
• Orissa
• Andhra Pradesh

The correct answer is Earth.

Key Points

• Among the given options Earth has the shortest day.
• A day is the length of time that a planet takes for the Sun to move from the noon position in the sky at a point on the equator to the same spot.
• Earth has 24 hours per day.
• Mars has approx 25 hours per day.
• Mercury has 1408 hours per day.
• Venus has 5832 hours per day.
• The planet that has the longest day is Venus. 
• The planet Jupiter has the shortest day of all the eight major planets in the Solar System. It spins around on its axis once every 9 hr 55 min 29.69 sec. 

Additional Information

The correct answer is ​Ceres.

Key Points

• The asteroid belt is a circumstellar disc in the Solar System.
• The asteroid belt is occupied by numerous irregularly shaped bodies called asteroids or minor planets.
• Ceres is the asteroid belt's only dwarf planet.
• Asteroids orbit the Sun and are small bodies in the solar system.
• They are made up of metals and rocks and also consist of organic compounds.
• They are found between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
• Four largest asteroids
  • Ceres
  • Vesta
  • Pallas
  • Hygiea