Modern Indian History MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Modern Indian History - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is 1773.

Key Points

• The first governor-general in India (of Bengal) was Warren Hastings in 1773.
• He started his career as a writer (clerk) in the East India Company at Calcutta in 1750.
• Established revenue board in 1772.
• He Abolished the dual system of governance.
• He Founded the Asiatic Society of Bengal with William Jones in 1784 in Calcutta.
• Warren Hastings laid the foundation of civil service and Lord Cornwallis reformed, modernized, and rationalized it.

• The first governor-general in India (of Bengal) was Warren Hastings.
• The first official governor-general of British India was Lord William Bentinck.
• The first governor-general of the Dominion of India was Lord Mountbatten.
• The first and last governor-general of free India was Chakravarti Rajagopalachari.

The correct answer is - 1 and 4 only

Key Points

• Mahatma Gandhi broadened the base of nationalism
  • Gandhi encouraged the use of mother tongues for communication and education to make the nationalist movement more inclusive.
  • He also based Congress committees on linguistic regions, which helped in reaching out to a larger population.
• Newspapers as a source for studying the nationalist movement
  • Newspapers played a crucial role in disseminating information and mobilizing public opinion during the nationalist movement.
  • They are considered an important primary source for understanding the events and sentiments of that period.

Additional Information

• Autobiographies as historical sources
  • Autobiographies are subjective accounts of the past, reflecting the personal views and experiences of the author.
  • They are valuable for providing insight but should be corroborated with other sources for a balanced understanding.
• Congress party's stance post-Partition
  • After Partition, the Congress party did not accept the "two-nation theory" and continued to advocate for minority rights within a united India.
  • The party's commitment to secularism and minority rights remained a cornerstone of its ideology.

The correct answer is - 2 and 4 only

Key Points

• Jawaharlal Nehru moved the crucial Objectives Resolution
  • Jawaharlal Nehru introduced the Objectives Resolution in the Constituent Assembly on December 13, 1946.
  • The resolution outlined the guiding principles and goals for the future constitution of India.
  • It was a foundational step towards the framing of the Indian Constitution.
• The Draft Constitution placed subjects in Union, State, and Concurrent lists
  • The Draft Constitution categorized subjects into three lists: Union, State, and Concurrent.
  • Article 356 grants the Centre the power to take over state administration under certain conditions.
  • This article is part of the emergency provisions and allows the President to assume control if the state government fails to function according to constitutional norms.

Additional Information

• The Constituent Assembly of India
  • The Constituent Assembly was composed of members from various political parties, not solely the Congress Party.
  • It included representatives from different regions, communities, and interests to ensure a comprehensive and inclusive constitution.
• Demand for separate electorates
  • The demand for separate electorates by some minority members was not widely supported by most nationalists in the Assembly.
  • Most nationalists, including key leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, opposed the idea of separate electorates, advocating for a unified electorate to promote national integration.

The correct answer is - 1 and 3 only

Key Points

• The Fifth Report
  • Submitted to the British Parliament in 1813.
  • Documented the administration and activities of the East India Company.
• The Paharias of the Rajmahal hills
  • Maintained their unity through their chiefs.
  • Resisted outsiders.

Additional Information

• Permanent Settlement in Bengal
  • Introduced in 1793 by the British.
  • Aimed at creating a class of loyal landlords or zamindars.
  • Contrary to the statement, it actually consolidated the power of zamindars.
• Deccan Ryots Rebellion
  • Occurred in the late 19th century.
  • Primarily due to the distress caused by the cotton crisis and exploitation by moneylenders, not just increased revenue demands.

 Key Points

• A. K. Gopalan served as the Volunteer Captain of the Guruvayoor Satyagraha.
• The Satyagraha took place in 1931-32, demanding temple entry rights for all castes at Guruvayoor Temple in Kerala.
• K. Kelappan was the Satyagraha leader (Yajna leader), also known as Kerala Gandhi.
• The movement was supported by various leaders and social reformers like Mahatma Gandhi, who praised their efforts.
• The satyagraha highlighted the caste-based discrimination prevailing in temples.
• A. K. Gopalan was arrested and jailed for his participation in the movement.

Additional Information

• Guruvayoor Satyagraha was a milestone in the Temple Entry Movement in Kerala.
• It paved the way for the Temple Entry Proclamation of 1936 in Travancore, although Guruvayoor was in Malabar under British Madras Presidency.
• The efforts of social reformers like Kelappan, A. K. Gopalan, and others inspired further movements for social equality in Kerala.

The correct answer is Civil Disobedience.

Key Points

• The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was associated with the civil disobedience movement of India.
  • The agreement was signed by Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin.
  • The pact was signed on 5^th March 1931.
  • Arranged before the second round table conference in London.
  • As per Gandhi-Irwin Pact, Gandhiji discontinued the Civil Disobedience movement and agreed to attend the second round table conference.
• Proposed conditions of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact are:
  1. Participation by the Indian National Congress in the Second Round Table Conference.
  2. Removal of the tax on salt.
  3. Withdrawal of all ordinances imposing curbs on the activities of the Indian National Congress issued by the Government of India.
  4. Discontinuation of Salt March.
• Non-Co-operation movement was the first mass political movement led by Gandhiji.
  • Started in 1920.
  • Main goal: The attainment of Swaraj.
• Rowlatt Act was passed on 6^th February 1919.
  • Gandhiji called this act as 'The Black Act'.
  • Lord Chelmsford was the British viceroy during the Rowlatt Act.
• Quit India resolution was passed on 8^th August 1942.
  • The failure of the Crips mission was the immediate cause of the Quit India movement.
  • "Quit India" was the famous slogan raised during this movement.

The correct answer is Durgabhai Deshmukh. 

Key Points

• Durgabhai Deshmukh was the founder of the Andhra Mahila Sabha.
• She was popularly known as “Iron Lady”.
• She organized Salt Satyagrah during the Civil disobedience movement in Madras and was imprisoned.
• She was the founder of AMS (Andhra Mahila Sabha) institutions and other important social welfare organizations. he, with the help of two other prominent nationalists (A. K. Prakasam and Desodharaka Nageswararao), started the movement in Madras.
• She was arrested and imprisoned for her involvement in a movement that had been banned.
• She also edited a journal known as Andhra Mahila and inspired women to rebel against meaning­less social constraints imposed on them.
• She was a member of the Constituent Assembly.
• She was awarded the Tamrapatra and Paul Hoffman Award after independence in recognition of her service to society.

Additional Information

• Sarojini Naidu:
  • Popularly known as the “Nightingale of India”, was a nationalist and poetess.
  • She was married to Dr. Govindarajulu Naidu in 1898​.
  • Under the guidance of Gopal Krishna Gokhale, she became the first woman to participate in India's struggle for independence.
  • She participated in the Dandi March with Gandhiji and presided over the Kanpur Session of Congress in 1925.
  • She was the first woman to become the Governor of Uttar Pradesh State.

The correct answer is Relation to soil and prosperity.

Key PointsNational Flag:

• The national flag is a horizontal tricolour of deep saffron at the top, white in the middle, and dark green at the bottom in equal proportion.
  • Saffron stands for courage.
  • White stands for truth and purity.
  • Green is the symbol of life, abundance, relation to soil, and prosperity.
• The ratio of the width of the flag to its length is 2:3.
• Its design is that of the wheel which appears on the abacus of the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka.
• Its diameter approximates the width of the white band and it has 24 spokes.
• The design was given by Pingali Venkaiya.
• The design of the National Flag was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on 22 July 1947.
• It is our Fundamental Duty to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem.

The correct answer is Robert Clive.

Key Points

• Robert Clive was the governor of Bengal during 1757-1760 and again during 1765-1767.
• He led the Company’s army against Sirajuddaulah at Plassey in 1757.
• The dual government system in India was introduced by Robert Clive.
• He introduced the dual government system in Bengal in 1765.
  • It was continued till 1772.
• The administration of Bengal was divided into Diwani and Nizamat as a result of the dual government system.
• Robert Clive is known as the 'Babur of British India'.

Additional Information

• Warren Hastings is the only governor who was impeached by the British government in India.
  • Warren Hastings abolished the dual government system in 1772.
• The system of Permanent Settlement and civil services were introduced by Lord Cornwallis.
• The Subsidiary Alliance System in India was introduced by Lord Wellesley.

The correct answer is Annie Besant.

Key Points

• Annie Besant was the first woman President of the Indian National Congress.
• She presided over the Indian National Congress at the Calcutta session of 1917.
• She was a leading member of INC.
• She established the Home Rule League in 1916 at Madras.
• She first visited India in 1893 and was involved in the Indian National Movement.

Additional Information

• Sarojini Naidu:
  • She was the first Indian woman president of the Indian National Congress.
  • She became the president of the Indian National Congress in the Kanpur session in 1925.
  • She was given the title of "Nightingale of India" for her contributions in the field of poetry writing.
  • She was called 'Bharat Kokila'.
  • She is the first woman to hold the office of governor in the dominion of India.
  • She became the governor of the United Provinces in 1947.

Important Points

• Chittaranjan Das became the president of the Indian National Congress in the Gaya session in 1922.
• Motilal Nehru became the president of the Indian National Congress in the Calcutta session in 1928.
• Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel became the president of the Indian National Congress in the Karachi session in 1931.

The correct answer is option Raja Ram Mohan Roy.

Key Points

• Raja Ram Mohan Roy established the “Atmiya Sabha” a precursor organization in the socio-religious reforms in Bengal in the year 1814 in Kolkata.
• It was a philosophical discussion circle where debates and discussions were held leading to the ideas for social reforms. 

The correct answer is Sabarmati.

Key Points

Dandi March or Salt Satyagraha was started by Mahatma Gandhi in Sabarmati launched on March 12, 1930, and it lasted till April 5, 1930, in Dandi (Navsari).

• It was a part of Non-violent Civil Disobedience.
• It was against the tax collected by the British Raj on salt and Gandhi opposed this by producing salt through evaporation.
• This significantly influenced American activist's Martin Luther King, James Bevel, and others.
• It is also known as the White Flowing River as all people took part in the march by wearing White Khadi.
• Gandhi called it “Poor Man’s Struggle”.
• Due to this, mass civil disobedience was observed and Indians boycotted British clothes and goods.
• International Walk for Justice and Freedom – Mahatma Gandhi Foundation re-framed and cast the Salt March in 2005 on the 75^th anniversary of Dandi March
• National Salt Satyagraha Memorial – Dandi (inaugurated Jan 30, 2019)

Mistake Points

• C Rajgopalachari, Gandhi’s associate organized Vedaranyam Salt March along the east coast while Gandhi launched along the west coast.
• C Rajgopalachari was the 1^st Governor-General of India after Independence.
• 1^st women arrested in Salt March – Sarojini Naidu
• To commemorate the 50^th and 75^th anniversary of Dandi March in 1980 and 2005 respectively, stamps were also released by the government.

(Stamp released in 2005 on the 75^th anniversary of Dandi Satyagraha)

The correct answer is 1773.

Key Points

• The first governor-general in India (of Bengal) was Warren Hastings in 1773.
• He started his career as a writer (clerk) in the East India Company at Calcutta in 1750.
• Established revenue board in 1772.
• He Abolished the dual system of governance.
• He Founded the Asiatic Society of Bengal with William Jones in 1784 in Calcutta.
• Warren Hastings laid the foundation of civil service and Lord Cornwallis reformed, modernized, and rationalized it.

• The first governor-general in India (of Bengal) was Warren Hastings.
• The first official governor-general of British India was Lord William Bentinck.
• The first governor-general of the Dominion of India was Lord Mountbatten.
• The first and last governor-general of free India was Chakravarti Rajagopalachari.

The correct answer is C A B D.

Key Points

• Hunter commission - 1882
  • It was constituted to look into the status of elementary education of India.
  • Its another objective was to look into the failure in implementation of Wood's Despatch.
  • William Wilson Hunter was the chairman of this commission who was a member of Indian Civil Services.
  • Its another name was Higher Education Commission.
  • It was appointed by Lord Rippon, Viceroy of India.
  • Recommendations-
    1. Encourage primary education
    2. Progress in Secondary education.
    3.  Grant-in aid for schools
    4. Moral and Physical education were emphasized.
• Saddler Commission - 1917
  • Dr Michael Sadler was the chairman of this committee.
  • It recommended 10+2+3 pattern of education.
  • Purdah schools were established for Muslim girls.
  • It recommended separate board for secondary and intermediate education.
• Wood's Despatch - 1854
  • ​Charles Wood, who was the president of Board of control of English education in EIC, sent a despatch to Lord Dalhousie.
  • This laid down the foundation of education in India.
  • He emphasized on Art, science, literature and philosophy of Europe, in his recommendations. 
• Sargent Plan - 1944
  • ​Sir John Sargeant was asked to prepare a comprehensive plan for education in India in the year 1944.
  • It recommended promotion of pre-primary education.
  • Secondary schools were intended to provide education to those students who were above average and had excellent aptitude for higher education.

The correct answer is Kisan Kanya.

Key Points

• Kisan Kanya was a 1937 Hindi Cinecolor feature film which was directed by Moti Gidwani and produced by Ardeshir Irani of Imperial Pictures.
• It is largely remembered by the Indian public on account of it being India's first indigenously made colour film

 Important Points

• Dadasaheb Phalke's silent Raja Harishchandra (1913) is the first feature film made in India.
• The first Indian sound film, Ardeshir Irani's Alam Ara (1931), was commercially successful.
• By the 1930s, the industry was producing over 200 films per year.