Building Component MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Building Component - Download Free PDF

Explanation:

• Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a digital 3D modeling process used in construction to:

  • Integrate architectural, structural, and MEP (Mechanical, Electrical, Plumbing) systems

  • Detect clashes between different design elements (e.g., beam and duct intersections)

  • Enable 4D (time) scheduling and 5D (cost) estimation

• BIM enhances collaboration among stakeholders (architects, engineers, contractors) by using a central coordinated model.

• Widely used in:

  • Metro rail projects

  • Smart cities

  • Hospitals

  • Airports

• Incorrect options:

  • Monolithic RCC is a construction method, not a digital tool.

  • Speed floor system and gypsum panels are physical construction technologies, unrelated to digital coordination.

BIM is mandated or encouraged by agencies like CPWD, NBCC, and is referenced in the National Building Code of India 2016 for efficient project delivery.

Explanation:

• The 3-S system is an industrialized construction approach that emphasizes:

  • System: Use of standardized, modular, precast components (e.g., wall panels, beams, staircases)

  • Speed: Quick assembly of components on-site due to factory-made parts

  • Safety: Reduced on-site labor and formwork leading to fewer accidents and better quality control

• Widely used in:

  • Mass housing schemes

  • Government infrastructure projects

  • Urban residential complexes

• Incorrect options:

  • "Speed, Steel, Safety" is misleading — steel is a material, not a concept of the system.

  • "Shear, Strength, Stiffness" and "Strength, Stability, Sustainability" are mechanical or structural properties, not part of the 3-S construction terminology.

The 3-S system is designed to modernize construction, reduce delays, and improve safety using precast RCC technologies.

Explanation:

• The Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Panel System is a lightweight sandwich panel system made of:

  • Polystyrene core (insulation)

  • Cement-based outer boards (strength and durability)

• Key Features:

  • Rapid installation due to modular design

  • Excellent thermal insulation from the EPS core

  • Reduces structural dead load and speeds up construction

  • Common in mass housing, shelters, prefab cabins, and energy-efficient buildings

• Incorrect options:

  • Speed floor system is for flooring speed, not insulation.

  • Modular steel frame offers structural speed but lacks integrated insulation.

  • Glass-reinforced gypsum is a durable panel but not designed specifically for insulation.

The EPS core panel system excels in energy efficiency, making it ideal for fast, sustainable construction in both rural and urban projects.

Explanation:

• Prefabricated structures are built by assembling components manufactured in a factory, which are then transported to the site.

• Key advantages:

  • Faster construction timelines

  • Reduced labor costs

  • Higher quality due to factory-controlled environment

  • Repetitive elements allow for standardization and modular designs

• Incorrect statements:

  • Prefabrication can use various materials, including concrete, wood, steel, etc., not just steel.

  • Foundations are still required to support prefabricated units.

  • Prefab structures are not constructed entirely on-site — the opposite is true; most of the work is off-site.

Prefabrication is ideal for mass housing, schools, compound walls, and disaster relief shelters where speed and uniformity are crucial.

Explanation:

• Bituminous membranes are one of the most widely used materials for waterproofing flat terraces and roofs.

• They are applied as sheets or liquid coatings that form a seamless, water-resistant layer.

• Advantages:

  • Excellent adhesion to concrete

  • Durable and elastic, adapting to thermal movement

  • Common in both residential and industrial buildings

• False flooring is related to aesthetics and service routing, not waterproofing.

• Gypsum insulation addresses thermal performance, not moisture prevention.

• Pest control targets biological threats like termites, not water ingress.

Bituminous membranes are mentioned in IS 3067 as a standard method for roof and terrace waterproofing.

Mansard Roof/French Roof: Slope in all four directions with break on each slope.

Gambrel Roof- Slope on two directions but there is break in slope.

Gabel Roof- Slope in two directions with no break.

Hip Roof- Slope in all four directions with no break.

Shed Roof- Slope in only one direction.

Mat roof- No slope in any direction i.e. flat roof.

Deck roof- Slope in all directions but has plane or flat surface on top.

Door frame:

The door frame consists of an assembly of horizontal and vertical members that are placed at the top, bottom, and sides of an opening to form an enclosure providing support for a door. Generally, the door frame is made of wood.

Following are the members of door frame

1) Head of Door Frame

The head is the top horizontal member of the frame.

2) The sill of Door Frame

The sill is the bottom horizontal member of the frame which may or may not be provided. The main reason for providing the sill frame is that the floor acts as a sill itself

3) Horn of Door Frame

It is a horizontal projection of the top and bottom members of the frame to enable the fixing of the frame in the wall opening.

4) Jamb of Door Frame

The door jamb is the vertical wall face of a door opening that supports the door frame. In the door frame, the jamb is the vertical portion of the door frame in which a door is secured. If you want to open and lock your door properly, door jamb is important.

5) Holdfasts of a door frame

These are the mild steel flat bars that are used to hold the frame in the position. These bars are generally bent into Z-shape and fixed on one end to the frame and the other end is inserted in the wall.

6) Rebate of a door frame

It is a depression made all around the door frame, on one side of which, the door shutter is fixed by the means of hinges.

7) A threshold of a door frame

It is the cross wooden piece fixed to door under a door frame which forms the sill and may be provided if required.

8) The transom of a door frame

It is a horizontal member of a frame, which is provided to sub-divide a door opening horizontally.

9) Mullion of a door frame

It is a vertical member of the frame, which is provided to sub-divide a door vertically.

Types and components of trusses:

Explanation:

The following are parts of Scaffolding:

1. Standards: The vertical members of the framework are called standards.
2. Ledgers: These are horizontal members which are parallel to the wall.
3. Braces: Diagonal members fixed on standards are called braces.
4. Putlogs: These are horizontal members which are perpendicular to the walls. One end of the putlog is supported by the wall and the other by the ledger.
5. Transoms: If both ends of putlogs are supported on ledgers, then they are called transoms.
6. Bridle: It is a member used to bridge an opening in a wall, which supports one end of the putlog at the opening.
7. Boarding: The planks on which workers stand.
8. Toe board: These boards are placed parallel to the boarding near the wall, to provide protection to the workers.
9. Guard rail: It is a railing provided at the height of 0.8 - 1.0 m from the working platform.
10. Base plate or sole plate: These are the plates on the ground supporting the standards for distributing the load on the ground.

figure: Scaffolding

Explanation:

Institutional buildings:

• These types of buildings are used for the purpose of activities related to health, medical, recovering health from injuries or illness, care of old people and infants etc.
• Generally, these types of buildings provide sleeping facility for the occupants.
• These comes under Group - C category.

Additional Information

As per NBC buildings are classified as follows:

• Group A - residential buildings
• Group B - educational buildings
• Group C - Institutional 
• Group D - Assembly
• Group E - business
• Group F - Mercantine
• Group G - Industrial 
• Group H - storage
• Group J - Hazardous

Explanation:

Staircase:

• Stairs are a set of steps that give access from floor to floor.
• The room or enclosure of the building, in which stair is located is known as the staircase.
• A staircase provides access & communication between floors in multi-story buildings.

The following are the components of the staircase

Concept:

Parts of a door:

1. Jamb: These are the vertical components on each side of a door to which the doors get fastened to the frame with the help of screws or nails.
2. Sill: Sill is the bottom component of a door frame. It the part of the door that gets sealed and fastened to the floor.
3. Threshold: The wooden plank or slab of concrete or stone usually provided at the bottom of an entrance door is called the threshold.
4. Casing: Casing trim is designed to hide the gaps between a window or door frame and the surface of the interior wall.
5. Frame: Side jambs, head jambs, and mulls are the parts that make up the frame.
6. Mull: The line between the two pieces of a door or window is called mull (or mullion).

Additional Information

• Cornice: It is the decorated portion provided at top of the wall to protect the wall face.
• Reveal: The outer side of the door frame is called the reveal.

Explanation:

• The door shutters are a movable barrier consisting of a paneled assembly or otherwise which fits into the frame.
• It is the openable part of the door. They are an assembly of styles, panel, and rail.
• It is used to open or close the way to go inside or outside of a house or room.

Hold fast:

• Hold fast is a member that projects from the body of the door or window frame which holds the window or door frame in walls. Holdfasts are useful when the window and door frames are installed in place at the time of brickwork or blockwork, as those holdfasts need to be anchored in the wall.

Door frame:

• The door frame is the entire framework supporting the door, including the sill, jamb, and head. This is also known as a door sash. Door frames can be made of wood or aluminum, and are made to blend seamlessly with your home.

Rawlplug:

• A wall plug also is known as an anchor or "Rawlplug" is a fiber or plastic (originally wood) insert used to enable the attachment of a screw in the material that is porous or brittle or that would otherwise not support the weight of the object attached with the screw.

Important Points

Concept:

a) Shed roof: It is also referred to as a skillion. It is a single, sloping roof, usually attached to a taller wall.

b) Gable end roof: It is also known as pitched or peaked roof and is recognized by triangular shape.

c) Hipped roof: It has slopes on all four sides. The sides are all equal length and come together at the top to form a ridge.

d) Gambrel roof: It is also known as a barn roof. It is similar to mansard, the difference between the two is that the Gambrel only has two sides, while the mansard has four.

The lower side of the Gambrel roof has an almost vertical, steep slope, while the upper slope is much lower.

Different Types of roofs is depicted in the diagram below:

Explanation:

The soffit is the underside of stair.

Important Points

Headroom:

It is the minimum clear vertical distance between the trade and overhead structure.

Scotia:

It is moulding provided under the nosing to improve the elevation of the step and also provide strength to the nosing.

Newel Post:

It is vertical member which is placed at the end of flights to connects the end of string and hand rail.

Balustrade: 

It consist of a row of balustrade surrounded by a hand rail, to provide protection for the user of stair.