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Home / IAS Preparation / Government Schemes of India / Zero Hunger Programme

Zero Hunger Programme - History, Objectives, Targets, Priorities, Significance, Challenges & More

Last Updated on Jul 07, 2023
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The government of India launched Zero Hunger Program on World Food Day, i.e., 16th OCT 2017. The programme was launched by the ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) along with the ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research) and the M.S.Swaminathan Research Foundation with BIRAC (Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council). The main focus of this program is on Nutrition, Health and Agriculture.

The Zero Hunger Program is one of the most important topics for the UPSC IAS exam. It covers a significant part of the Government Schemes section in the General Studies Paper-2 Syllabus and current events of national importance in general studies paper -1 of the UPSC Prelims Syllabus.

Candidates can check this article to learn about India’s Zero Hunger Program and its associated details. Various facts and the latest news regarding such schemes can be very important for the UPSC IAS exam.

Latest News about Zero Hunger Programme

  • The Nobel Peace Prize 2020 was awarded to the World Food Programme for its efforts to combat hunger, promote peace in conflict-affected areas, and prevent hunger from being used as a weapon of war and conflict.
  • to organize a national webinar on ‘Zero Hunger by 2030’ as part of Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav organized by the Ministry of Panchayati Raj

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Background of Zero Hunger Programme

The Zero Hunger Programme is a global initiative to eliminate hunger, achieve food security, improve nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture worldwide. It is integral to the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically Goal 2: "Zero Hunger." The program builds upon previous efforts, such as the Millennium Development Goals, to address the root causes of hunger and malnutrition.

In 2020, there were between 720 million and 811 million hungry people worldwide, an increase of roughly 161 million over 2019. Furthermore, 2.4 billion people, or more than 30% of the world's population, experienced moderate to severe food insecurity in 2020 and did not regularly have access to a sufficient diet. In 2020, 149.2 million children under five were stunted, a decrease from 24.4 per cent in 2015. After being largely steady since 2016, the percentage of nations with high food costs increased significantly from 16 per cent in 2019 to 47 per cent in 2020.

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Targets of the Zero Hunger Programme

The Zero Hunger Programme has established specific goals to be accomplished by 2030, encompassing various aspects of hunger, food security, nutrition, and sustainable agriculture. The primary targets of the Zero Hunger Programme are outlined below:

  • End hunger and ensure access to sufficient food for all.
  • Double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers.
  • Promote sustainable food production systems and resilient agricultural practices.
  • Eradicate all forms of malnutrition and achieve food security throughout life.
  • Increase investment in rural infrastructure, agricultural research, and technology development.
  • Facilitate equitable access to land, resources, and markets for small-scale farmers, focusing on women and marginalized groups.
  • Implement measures to ensure the sustainability of fisheries and aquaculture sectors.
  • By addressing these targets, the Zero Hunger Programme aims to eliminate hunger. To improve agricultural productivity and sustainability, enhance food security, and combat malnutrition globally.

Objectives of Zero Hunger Programme
  • Zero Hunger Program works towards the Sustainable Development Goals target of ending hunger by 2030
  • The program aims to make these selected districts “models” for dealing with hunger and malnutrition by implementing agricultural and horticultural practices.
  • The Zero Hunger Program aims to intervene on farms by organizing nutrition-focused farming systems, providing zero hunger training, and establishing biofortified plant genetic gardens.
  • Reduce child stunting among those under the age of two, etc.
  • Double small farmers’ income and productivity in agriculture
  • Ensure a sustainable food production system and access to food for everyone worldwide by eliminating food waste.

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Source: UN

Zero Hunger Programme: Key Priorities
  • Interventions in the farm sector with a focus on agriculture, nutrition and health in a symbiotic manner.
  • It will be in addition to the government’s plan to address the issue of malnutrition through various other initiatives to eliminate malnutrition in India by 2022.
  • Identifying nutritional maladies in each district and applying appropriate agricultural/horticultural and animal husbandry remedies, the Program will ensure appropriate methods of measuring the impact of the intervention.

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Significance of the Zero Hunger Programme
  • The United Nations has included the "Zero Hunger" Goal in its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
  • Globally, there are 90 million underweight children under the age of 5.
  • Approximately 690 million people go to bed every night without enough food.
  • In 2019, 135 million people across 55 countries experienced acute food insecurity.
  • In 2017, Asia accounted for 63% of world hunger, and 22% of children under 5 years old were stunted.
  • Climate change impacts, including environmental degradation, biodiversity loss, and drought, have left approximately 821 million people undernourished worldwide.
  • Severe food insecurity and undernourishment are rising in Africa and South America, requiring attention and action.
  • The UN's Zero Hunger objective aims to eradicate hunger and malnutrition and promote sustainable agriculture by 2030.
  • To achieve these goals, it is crucial to enhance access to safe and nutritious food for impoverished individuals, women, children, and the elderly throughout the year.

Challenges of the Zero Hunger Programme
  • According to the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey 2016-18, 40 million children in India suffer from chronic malnutrition, and half of women aged 15-49 are anaemic.
  • The agrobiodiversity that sustains food systems and livelihoods is threatened by climate change, impacting the productivity of crops.
  • Unsustainable farming practices and excessive chemical use have led to soil degradation, groundwater depletion, and agrobiodiversity loss.
  • A significant majority of Indian farmers, 86%, own less than 2 hectares of land, yet they contribute to 60% of food grain production and over half of the country's fruits and vegetables.
  • Global hunger extends beyond individual sectors and countries. It highlights the need for enhanced multilateral cooperation.
  • Climate change threatens agrobiodiversity, impacting the productivity and livelihoods within food and farming systems.
  • Unsustainable farming practices and excessive chemical usage accelerate soil degradation, rapid depletion of groundwater, and the loss of agrobiodiversity.
  • Improving food security may compromise water and energy security, as well as have adverse effects on health security.

Status of Hunger and Malnutrition in India
  • As per the Food and Agriculture Report 2018, India has 195.9 Million undernourished people, which accounts for 24 % of the world’s hunger.
  • Per National Health Survey, approximately 19 crore people in the country sleep on an empty stomach each night.
  • On average, approximately 4500 children die every year due to hunger and malnutrition. This accounts for approximately 3 lakhs death every year of just children.
  • India’s ranking in the Global Hunger Index 2022 is 107th out of 121 countries. As per last year, the position has slipped down from 101 in 2021
  • Acute food insecurity affected 135 million people in 55 countries in 2019.
  • In Africa and South America, severe food insecurity and undernourishment are rising and must be addressed.

Other Relevant Initiatives by the Government to combat hunger

Some of the missions to Combat hunger apart from the Zero Hunger Program are

Ending Hunger and Malnutrition
  • Sustainable and climate-resilient food systems and agricultural practices, including diversification of production, are essential for ensuring food security and nutrition.
  • Doubling the income of small-scale producers is crucial to alleviating rural poverty. It improves overall well-being while creating rural employment opportunities.
  • Addressing the issue of food waste is important across all stages, from production to storage and transport, through empowering consumer choice and fostering commitments from producers and retailers to reduce wastage.
  • Policymakers should prioritize addressing poverty and inequality to combat global hunger, addressing sudden shocks and chronic stresses contributing to food insecurity.
  • Different forms of hunger, such as undernutrition, obesity, wasting, stunting, and hidden hunger, have severe consequences for individuals and society.
  • Governments, civil societies, and market forces need to adopt a multisectoral approach that integrates water, education, sanitation, agriculture, nutrition, and other relevant sectors to tackle hunger and malnutrition.

Way Forward

Despite recent major increases in agricultural productivity, more than two billion people globally still need access to sufficient, nutritious, and secure food. Therefore, global cooperation is necessary to end hunger by 2030. Global solidarity must help all populations, especially the most vulnerable, recover from the crisis and strengthen food systems. It would be easier to feed the millions of people suffering from acute hunger due to conflict and failed agriculture with a stronger commitment from the world's major powers. As a result, a worldwide fund like the Green Climate Fund established by the UNFCCC is necessary.

Global solidarity is required to assist all populations, particularly the most vulnerable, recover from the crisis and strengthen food systems. Without a stronger commitment from the world’s major powers, feeding the millions of people suffering from acute hunger due to conflict and failed agriculture would be extremely difficult. As a result, a global fund similar to the UNFCCC’s Green Climate Fund is required.

We hope all your doubts regarding the topic “Zero Hunger Program ” are addressed after going through this article. Testbook provides comprehensive notes and online classes for UPSC, including different competitive examinations. It has always assured the quality of its product, like content pages, live tests, GK and current affairs, mocks, and so on. Ace your preparation with the Testbook App!

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Zero Hunger Programme - FAQs

Zero Hunger Program is a Sustainable Development Goal of the United Nations with a mission to end hunger by 2030.

Zero Hunger Program was launched on 16th Oct 2017 on the occasion of World Food Day.

With the alarming situation of Malnutrition and Hunger in India, there is a need for a program which can substantially better India's rank in the Global hunger Index and improve the statistics related to hunger and malnutrition in India.

World Food Day is Celebrated on 16th Oct 2017.

Zero Hunger Program was initially launched in three districts namely Gorakhpur (UP), Koraput (Odisha), Thane (Maharashtra)
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