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Home / IAS Preparation / Assent To Bills

Assent to Bills: Presidential Assent to the Bills - UPSC Polity Notes

Last Updated on Dec 06, 2023
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Assent to Bills is the process by which the President of India gives approval to a bill that the legislature has passed. Once the legislature has passed a bill, it is sent to the President for assent. The President can then assent to the bill, send it back to the legislature for reconsideration, or veto the bill.

In this article, you’ll learn about assent to bills in India, as well as when the President can refuse to assent to bills. From the perspective of Indian politics, it is important to understand it for the UPSC IAS Exam.

Download the PDF On Assent To Bills here!

What is a Bill?

A bill is a draft of a legislative proposal that incorporates administrators’ recommendations for running a government. In its subsequent stages, a bill becomes an act, which is a cornerstone of the Indian constitution. However, before a bill may become law, it must go through a series of steps, including:

  • A bill proposal
  • Bill is read out loud.
  • Examining the issues raised in the bill
  • The Indian Constitution’s houses vote in favour of the bill.
  • Assent to bill

Study in detail the Triple Talaq Bill here!

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Passing of a Bill in India

There are four different sorts of bills that can be introduced in the Indian Parliament, each with a slightly different process for becoming an Act. However, they must pass both Houses and get presidential assent in order to become law. (With the exception of Money bills, all bills must be approved by both Houses.)

Check out the article on Private Member Bill here!

President’s Assent to Bills

Article 111 of the Constitution contains provisions for the President’s assent to bills. It means that when the Houses of Parliament have passed a bill, it will be brought to the President, who will announce whether he assents to the bill or not.

Veto Power of the President

Only the President’s assent is required for a bill enacted by Parliament to become an act. When a bill like this is offered to the President for his assent, he has three options (under Article 111 of the Constitution):

  • give his assent to the bill,
  • withhold his assent to the bill,
  • return the bill to Parliament for reconsideration (assuming it is not a Money Bill).

If the measure is passed by Parliament again, with or without revisions, and delivered to the President, the President is required to give his consent.

Study in detail the Veto Power of the President here!

Assent to Ordinary Bill

  • There are three options available to the President in the case of an ordinary bill:
  • When he signs the bill, it becomes an act.
  • Withhold his assent: the bill will come to an end there and will not become an act.
  • Return the measure to the Houses for reconsideration: The Houses may make modifications to the bill or not and then return it to the President, who must then provide his assent.

Check out the Difference between an Ordinary Bill and a Money Bill here!

Assent to Money Bill

A Money Bill may be given or withheld assent by the President. A Money Bill cannot be returned to the House by the President for reconsideration under the Indian Constitution.

Study in detail the Difference between Finance bills and Money bills here!

Assent to Constitutional Amendment Bill

  • The President must offer his or her consent to such measures.
  • He is unable to refund or withhold the bill (unlike ordinary bills).
  • After that, the measure becomes a Constitutional Amendment Act, which amends the Constitution in accordance with its provisions.

Study in detail the Important major Amendments of the Indian Constitution with this linked article!

Making A Law Operational
  • The President’s assenting to the Bill is the initial stage.
  • The statute then becomes operative as of that certain day. After passing in September 2020, the three farm bills were quickly signed into law by President Kovind.
  • Finally, the government creates the guidelines and standards necessary to implement the law in practice.
  • When these steps are finished, the law is then put into effect.
  • The government should issue guidelines within six months of passing a law, according to the recommendation of the parliament.
  • A parliamentary committee has noticed that this suggestion is “being followed in breach by various ministries.”
  • In the absence of rules, a complete statute like the 1988 Benami Transactions Act can go unenforced.

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We hope all your doubts regarding the Assent of bills would have been addressed now. Testbook provides study material for various competitive examinations. Ace your UPSC preparation by downloading the Testbook App!

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FAQs on Assent to Bills

A bill is a preliminary version of a legislative proposal that includes advice from administrators on how to manage a government. A bill becomes an act in its successive stages, which is a fundamental component of the Indian constitution.

The Constitution's provisions for the President's assent to laws are found in Article 111. It indicates that when a law has been approved by both Houses of Parliament, it will be presented to the President, who will then declare whether or not he agrees with it.

A bill passed by Parliament can become an act with just the President's consent. According to Article 111 of the Constitution, the President has three alternatives when a law like this is presented to him for his assent- give his assent to the bill, withhold his assent to the bill or return the bill to Parliament for reconsideration (assuming it is not a Money Bill). If the measure is passed by Parliament again, with or without revisions, and delivered to the President, the President must give his consent.

An absolute veto occurs when the President refuses to sign a bill. That instance, when the President refuses to sign a bill and it is subsequently dropped. In the event of money bills, he does not have this authority. When he acts on the advice of the Council of Ministers, he has an absolute veto.

Only money bills do not require Rajya Sabha's approval. All laws must be referred to the Rajya Sabha and passed by both Houses before being sent to the President for his signature.

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