What does the region around the stationary electric charge has? 

Explanation:

Electric Field Around a Stationary Electric Charge

Definition: The region around a stationary electric charge in which it exerts an electric force on other charges is called the electric field. This field extends radially outward (or inward for negative charges) and is represented by electric field lines.

Nature of the Electric Field: The electric field is a vector quantity, which means it has both magnitude and direction. For a stationary point charge, the electric field is directed radially outward if the charge is positive and radially inward if the charge is negative. The strength of the electric field decreases with the square of the distance from the charge, as described by Coulomb's law:

Coulomb's Law:

The magnitude of the electric field (E) due to a stationary point charge (q) at a distance (r) is given by:

E = (1 / 4πε₀) × (|q| / r²)

• q = charge of the source (in coulombs)
• r = distance from the charge (in meters)
• ε₀ = permittivity of free space (approximately 8.85 × 10^-12 F/m)

Electric Field Lines:

• The electric field lines represent the direction and strength of the electric field. They originate from positive charges and terminate on negative charges.
• The density of these lines indicates the strength of the electric field; closer lines mean a stronger field.
• Electric field lines never cross each other.

Properties of the Electric Field Around a Stationary Electric Charge:

• The field is static because the charge is stationary.
• It is a non-contact field, meaning it can exert a force on other charges even without direct contact.
• The field does not vary with time unless the charge moves or another external factor modifies it.

Applications:

• Electric fields are fundamental to the operation of many electrical devices, such as capacitors and sensors.
• They are also essential in understanding natural phenomena like lightning and the behavior of charged particles in space.

Correct Option Analysis:

The correct option is:

Option 1: Electric field

This is the correct answer because a stationary electric charge creates an electric field around it. The electric field is the region where its influence can be felt by other charges. This field is static and depends on the magnitude of the charge and the distance from it, as explained above.

Additional Information

To further understand the analysis, let’s evaluate the other options:

Option 2: Magnetic field

This option is incorrect because a magnetic field is not created by a stationary electric charge. A magnetic field is generated only when charges are in motion (e.g., in the case of a current-carrying conductor or a moving charge). Thus, a stationary charge does not produce a magnetic field.

Option 3: Semi-permeable region

This option is invalid and unrelated to the context of electric fields. A semi-permeable region typically refers to biological or chemical systems, such as membranes that allow selective passage of substances. It has no relevance to the physical phenomenon of fields around electric charges.

Option 4: Insulating field

This option is incorrect and does not describe any recognized physical concept. The term "insulating field" is not used in physics to describe any characteristic of the region around a stationary charge.

Conclusion:

The region around a stationary electric charge is characterized by an electric field, which exerts forces on other charges within its influence. The other options, such as magnetic field, semi-permeable region, and insulating field, do not accurately describe the region around a stationary charge. Understanding the concept of electric fields and their properties is essential for grasping fundamental principles in physics and their applications in technology and nature.