Chemistry in Everyday Life MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Chemistry in Everyday Life - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Boyle's Law.

Key Points

• Boyle's Law states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume at constant temperature.
• During a dive, increased water pressure compresses the nitrogen gas in the diver's body tissues, reducing its volume.
• If the diver ascends too quickly, the pressure decreases rapidly, causing the nitrogen gas to expand, which can lead to decompression sickness.
• This law explains the physical behavior of gases under changing pressure conditions, a crucial concept for safe diving practices.
• Boyle's Law is essential for understanding how gases behave in confined spaces, such as the human body underwater.

Additional Information

• Decompression Sickness: Also known as "the bends," it occurs when dissolved gases in the body form bubbles due to rapid pressure changes.
• Alveoli: Small air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs; rapid ascent can rupture these structures due to expanding gases.
• Diving Safety: Divers are advised to ascend slowly and follow decompression stops to allow gases to be eliminated safely.
• Henry's Law: Related to gas solubility, it states that the amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is proportional to the pressure of the gas above the liquid.
• Gas Laws in Diving: Boyle's Law, Henry's Law, and Dalton's Law are critical for understanding the physiological effects of diving on the human body.

The Correct answer is Production of refrigerants and aerosol propellants.

Key Points

• Tetrachloromethane, also known as carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄), is a halogenated hydrocarbon compound widely used in various industrial applications.
• One of its primary applications is in the production of refrigerants such as CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons) and HCFCs (Hydrochlorofluorocarbons).
• It serves as a key intermediate in the chemical processes used to manufacture these compounds, which are essential in refrigeration and air-conditioning systems.
• Aerosol propellants are another significant application of Tetrachloromethane, as it is used to create compressed gases that help dispense substances from aerosol containers.
• Due to its non-flammable nature and excellent properties as a solvent, Tetrachloromethane has been historically valued in these industries.
• Although its usage has declined in certain areas due to its ozone-depleting potential and toxicity concerns, its importance in the manufacturing of refrigerants remains significant in controlled environments.
• It is also employed in laboratories as a standard solvent for research and testing purposes.

Additional Information

• Textile dyeing and coloring of woollen clothes
  • This process involves the use of dyes, mordants, and chemicals specific to fabric treatment rather than Tetrachloromethane.
  • Wool dyeing requires compounds like acid dyes or chrome-based dyes, which are specially formulated for protein fibers like wool.
• Fertilizer production and pesticide refining
  • The production of fertilizers typically involves chemicals such as ammonia, urea, and nitrates, while pesticides are often synthesized using organophosphates or organochlorines.
  • Tetrachloromethane is not commonly used in these manufacturing processes.
• Glass manufacturing and ceramic treatment
  • Glass and ceramic industries rely on materials like silica, feldspar, and alumina, which are heated at high temperatures to form durable products.
  • Chemicals like carbon tetrachloride are not relevant to these processes.

The correct answer is Glass cotton.

Key Points

• Glass cotton is a fibrous material made from molten glass, which is highly effective in absorbing sound due to its porous structure.
• It is commonly used in partition walls, acoustic panels, and ceilings to reduce noise levels in enclosed spaces.
• The material works by trapping sound waves within its fibers, converting sound energy into heat, and minimizing reverberation.
• Glass cotton is lightweight, durable, and non-combustible, making it ideal for soundproofing applications in residential and commercial buildings.
• Its high thermal insulation properties also contribute to energy efficiency in buildings.

Additional Information

• Sound Absorption: Sound absorption refers to the ability of a material to reduce sound reflections and echoes in a space by absorbing sound energy.
• Porous Materials: Materials such as glass cotton, mineral wool, and foam are porous and are widely used in soundproofing due to their ability to trap sound waves effectively.
• Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC): NRC is a measure of how much sound a material can absorb. Glass cotton typically has a high NRC value, indicating excellent sound absorption capabilities.
• Applications of Glass Cotton: It is used in industries, theaters, recording studios, and residential spaces for soundproofing and thermal insulation.
• Alternative Sound Absorbing Materials: Other materials like acoustic foam, fiberglass, and mineral wool are also effective in soundproofing but may differ in cost, durability, and installation requirements.

The correct answer is is not flammable.

Key Points

• Helium is an inert gas, meaning it does not react with other substances and is completely non-flammable, making it much safer than hydrogen for applications like filling balloons.
• Hydrogen is highly flammable and can cause explosions when mixed with air, making it unsuitable for such uses despite being lighter than helium.
• Helium is a noble gas, part of group 18 of the periodic table, which is characterized by its chemical stability and inertness.
• Due to its non-flammable nature, helium is widely used in applications requiring safety, such as weather balloons, blimps, and party balloons.
• While helium is lighter than air and provides buoyancy, it is slightly heavier than hydrogen but is preferred due to its superior safety profile.

Additional Information

• Noble Gases: Helium is one of the noble gases, which include neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon. These gases are known for their chemical inertness due to having a complete outer electron shell.
• Hydrogen Flammability: Hydrogen is highly flammable and was historically used in airships, but catastrophic accidents like the Hindenburg disaster highlighted its dangers.
• Helium Sources: Helium is typically extracted from natural gas deposits. It is a finite resource, making its conservation important for scientific and medical applications.
• Applications of Helium: Beyond its use in balloons, helium is critical in cryogenics, MRI machines, as a protective gas in welding, and as a coolant for nuclear reactors.
• Density Comparison: Hydrogen has the lowest density of all gases, but helium is chosen for applications requiring buoyancy because of its safety and inertness.

The correct answer is Jam.

Key Points

• Sugar is commonly used in food processing and preservation, and one of its primary uses is in making jam.
• In the preparation of jam, sugar acts as both a sweetener and a preservative, allowing the jam to be stored for long periods without spoiling.
• Jam is made by cooking fruit with sugar, and in this process, sugar helps in the gel formation, which is essential for the jam to set properly.
• Jam can be made from various fruits, such as strawberries, raspberries, and mangoes, and sugar is the key ingredient that contributes to its flavor and texture.
• Besides jam, sugar is also used in a wide variety of other food products such as cakes, beverages, and candies, but in the context of this question, it is specifically linked to making jam.

Additional Information

• Preserving Food with Sugar
  • Sugar is widely used in the preservation of fruits and vegetables, particularly in the making of jams and jellies.
  • By helping fruits to release their pectin and sugars, sugar allows jams and jellies to thicken and set properly.
  • Along with being a preservative, sugar also enhances the natural flavors of the fruits used in jams.

The correct answer is Sodium carbonate.

Explanation:

• Washing soda is a chemical compound with the formula Na2CO3, known as sodium carbonate, and it's a salt of carbonic acid.
• Properties of a Washing soda:
  • It is a transparent crystalline solid.
  • It is one of the few metal carbonates which are soluble in water.
  • It is alkaline with a pH level of 11, it turns red litmus to blue.
  • It has detergent properties or cleansing properties because it can remove dirt and grease from dirty clothes, etc.
  • It attacks dirt and grease to form water-soluble products, which are then washed away on rinsing with water.

Important Points

Some common chemical compounds with their common names are:

The correct answer is Lactic Acid.

Key Points

• Lactic acid is present in Sour milk or curd.
• The sourness of the milk is due to the presence of lactic acid.
• Human beings feel tired due to the accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles.​

Additional Information

The correct answer is carbohydrates.

Key Points

• An iodine test is used to check the presence of carbohydrates.
• Carbohydrates are organic compounds in which the ratio of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen is 1: 2: 1.
• Carbohydrates are classified into three major groups:
  • Monosaccharides
  • Oligosaccharides
  • Polysaccharides
• In the iodine test if the sample contains carbohydrates then the sample turns blue-black in colour with a few drops of a potassium iodide solution.

Additional Information

• Proteins are tested using the Biuret test for proteins. 
• Tests to determine fats are the Acrolein test, Baudouin test, and Hubble's test.

Explanation:

• Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is known as ‘Caustic Soda’.
• Some common chemical compounds with their common names are:

The correct answer is Lithium. 

Explanation:

• Group I elements are called alkali metals because they dissolve in water to form soluble hydroxides.
• To prevent Group I elements from reacting with water moisture in the air they are kept in kerosene oil.
  • Example: Sodium, Potassium.
• But Lithium is the lightest metal and it floats above the kerosene surface and reacts with atmospheric oxygen or moisture.

So, Lithium is kept in wax.

The correct answer is Antipyretic.

• Antipyretic is a drug that reduces fever.
  • Antipyretics cause the hypothalamus to override a prostaglandin-induced increase in temperature.
  • The body then works to lower the temperature, which results in a reduction in fever. 

Additional Information

• Barbiturates are a type of central nervous system (CNS) depressant used to treat insomnia, seizures, and headaches​.
• Antiseptic slows or stops the growth of micro-organisms on external surfaces of the body and helps to prevent infections.
• Antibiotics include a range of powerful drugs that kill bacteria or slow their growth. 
  • They treat bacterial infections. 

The Correct Answer is Baking Soda.

• Sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO₃) or sodium bicarbonate:
  • Sodium bicarbonate is commonly known as baking soda.
  • Sodium bicarbonate in baking soda quickly neutralizes stomach acid.
  • Sodium bicarbonate is a white crystalline solid.
  • It is used in baking products like cakes, cookies, etc.

Additional Information

• Gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O):
  • Gypsum is a common sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate.
  • Gypsum is widely used in the manufacture of wallboard, cement, plaster of Paris, etc.
• Washing Soda:
  • It is commonly known as Na₂CO₃ or sodium carbonate.
  • It is used in the softening of hard water.
  • It is commonly used as a cleaning agent for domestic purposes.
  • It is also used in the manufacturing of paper, soap, textiles, paints, etc.
• Calcium Hydroxide:
  • It is the chemical formula for Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂).
  • It is also known as slaked lime.
  • It is used in sewage treatment, paper production, and food processing, etc.

Explanation:

Uses of metal & non-metals in daily life:

Metals:

• Metals are used in making machinery, automobiles, aeroplanes, trains, satellites, industrial gadgets, cooking utensils, water boilers, etc. 

Non-metals:

• Non-metal is essential for our life which all living beings inhale during breathing (Oxygen).
• Non-metals used in fertilisers to enhance the growth of plants (Nitrogen, Ammonia etc.)
• Non-metal used in water purification process (Potash alum).
• Non-metal used in the purple coloured solution which is applied on wounds (Iodine) as an antiseptic called a tincture. When this solution is applied on the wound, it sterilizes the wound and makes it free from microbial infection and thus prevent the wound from being infected.
• Non-metals used in crackers (Sulphur, phosphorous etc.).

Concept:

Biogas: The mixture of gases that are produced due to the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen is called biogas.

• The major constituent of biogas is Methane and Carbon dioxide while some traces of H2S and ammonia are also there.
• It is released when the Cow, Buffalo, and Pig manure is processed Anaerobically i.e. in the absence of Oxygen.
• Biogas can be used for Space Heating, Generation of Electricity, Fuel for Cooking, etc

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG): it is composed of compressed Methane and Ethane.

• It can be used in place of gasoline, diesel fuel and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)

Explanation:

• The main constituent of both Biogas and CNG is Methane.
• So the correct option is Methane.

Note: Biogas is a Clean Renewable Energy Source and even it is Economically Friendly.

Additional Information

Methane is commonly known as Marsh Gas.

• Methane is the hydrocarbon having the lowest molecular mass with the chemical formula CH4.
• It is called Marsh gas because it is released in huge amounts from marshes where anaerobic bacteria decompose matter.
• It was discovered by Alessandro Volta in 1776.
• It is the main constituent of Biogas and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG).
• It is a Greenhouse gas and its global warming potential is 28 - 36 times as that of CO2.
• Paddy fields are also a huge source of Methane emissions.

The correct answer is Chlorine.

Key Points

• Chlorine kills pathogens such as bacteria and viruses by breaking the chemical bonds in their molecules.
  • Disinfectants that are used for this purpose consist of chlorine compounds which can exchange atoms with other compounds, such as enzymes in bacteria and other cells.
  • When enzymes come in contact with chlorine, one or more of the hydrogen atoms in the molecule are replaced by chlorine.
  • This causes the entire molecule to change shape or fall apart.
  • When enzymes do not function properly, a cell or bacterium will die.
  • Chlorine effectively kills a large variety of microbial waterborne pathogens, including those that can cause typhoid fever, dysentery, cholera and Legionnaires' disease. 

Additional Information

• Bromine is a chemical element with the symbol Br and atomic number 35. Bromine is used in many areas such as agricultural chemicals, dyestuffs, insecticides, pharmaceuticals and chemical intermediates.
• Iodine is an essential mineral commonly found in seafood.
• A colourless, odourless gas Nitrogen is important to the chemical industry.
  • It is used to make fertilisers, nitric acid, nylon, dyes and explosives.
  • To make these products, nitrogen must first be reacted with hydrogen to produce ammonia.