Which of the following is a characteristic feature of fixed robotic automation systems? 

Explanation:

Fixed Robotic Automation Systems

• Fixed robotic automation systems, also known as hard automation, are designed for specific tasks and are typically used in high-volume production environments.
• These systems consist of specialized equipment that performs repetitive tasks with high precision and speed, making them suitable for mass production.
• Fixed robotic automation systems are programmed to execute a specific sequence of operations repeatedly.
• Once configured, these systems perform their tasks with minimal variation, ensuring consistent product quality and high throughput.
• The fixed nature of these systems means that they are not easily reprogrammable for different tasks or product designs.

Characteristics:

• High Initial Cost: The development and installation of fixed robotic automation systems require a significant initial investment. This cost includes the design, engineering, and integration of specialized equipment tailored to a particular production process.
• Low Operational Cost for Mass Production: Despite the high initial cost, fixed robotic automation systems offer low operational costs for mass production. The economies of scale achieved through high-volume production help to offset the initial investment over time.
• High Precision and Speed: These systems are optimized for specific tasks, allowing them to operate with high precision and speed. This results in consistent product quality and efficient production processes.
• Limited Flexibility: Fixed robotic automation systems lack flexibility in adapting to changes in product design or production requirements. Any modifications to the system typically require significant re-engineering and investment.

Advantages:

• High efficiency in high-volume production environments.
• Consistent product quality due to precise and repeatable operations.
• Reduced labor costs and human intervention.

Disadvantages:

• High initial investment cost.
• Limited flexibility to adapt to changes in product design or production processes.

Applications:

• Fixed robotic automation systems are commonly used in industries where high-volume production and consistent product quality are critical, such as automotive manufacturing, electronics assembly, and consumer goods production.