Which among the following is an example of laws passed by the Parliament after States made a request to the Parliament to legislate on a matter in the State List? 

The correct answer is Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972.

Key Points

• The Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 was passed by Parliament following a request from multiple States to legislate on a matter under the State List.
• Wildlife protection is primarily a State subject, but States sought uniform legislation for effective conservation measures.
• This request was made under Article 252 of the Indian Constitution, allowing Parliament to legislate on State List matters if two or more States consent.
• The Act provides a framework for the protection of wild animals, birds, and plants and ensures ecological and environmental security in India.
• It established statutory bodies such as the National Board for Wildlife and the State Boards for Wildlife to oversee conservation efforts.

Additional Information

• Article 252 of the Indian Constitution:
  • Allows Parliament to legislate on matters in the State List if two or more States pass a resolution requesting it.
  • Such legislation applies only to consenting States but can be adopted by other States later.
• Scope of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972:
  • It prohibits hunting of wild animals and birds specified in Schedules I to IV of the Act.
  • It regulates the establishment of protected areas such as National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries.
  • It controls the trade and commerce of wildlife and wildlife products.
• Amendments to the Act:
  • The Act has been amended several times, with significant updates in 2002 and 2006 to strengthen conservation mechanisms.
  • The 2006 amendment introduced the National Tiger Conservation Authority and the Project Elephant.
• Constitutional Provisions for Wildlife Conservation:
  • Article 48A: Directs the State to protect and improve the environment and safeguard forests and wildlife.
  • Article 51A(g): Enjoins every citizen to protect and improve the natural environment, including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife.
• Other Related Legislation:
  • The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980, complements the Wild Life (Protection) Act by regulating the diversion of forest land for non-forest purposes.
  • The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, provides a comprehensive framework for the protection and improvement of the environment, including wildlife habitats.